Abstract
Our previous study indicated that glycerol application induced resistance to powdery mildew (Bgt) in wheat by regulating two important signal molecules, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and oleic acid (OA18:1). Transcriptome analysis of wheat leaves treated by glycerol and inoculated with Bgt was performed to identify the activated immune response pathways. We identified a set of differentially expressed transcripts (e.g., TaGLI1, TaACT1, and TaSSI2) involved in glycerol and fatty acid metabolism that were upregulated in response to Bgt infection and might contribute to G3P and OA18:1 accumulation. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed GO terms induced by glycerol, such as response to jasmonic acid (JA), defense response to bacterium, lipid oxidation, and growth. In addition, glycerol application induced genes (e.g., LOX, AOS, and OPRs) involved in the metabolism pathway of linolenic and alpha-linolenic acid, which are precursor molecules of JA biosynthesis. Glycerol induced JA and salicylic acid (SA) levels, while glycerol reduced the auxin (IAA) level in wheat. Glycerol treatment also induced pathogenesis related (PR) genes, including PR-1, PR-3, PR-10, callose synthase, PRMS, RPM1, peroxidase, HSP70, HSP90, etc. These results indicate that glycerol treatment regulates fatty acid metabolism and hormones cross-talk and induces the expression of PR genes that together contribute to Bgt resistance in wheat.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol and Bgt exposure upregulated wheat fatty acid metabolism transcripts.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- Bgte0pathogen
- Gene
- TaGLI1, TaACT1, and TaSSI2e0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed transcriptse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“We identified a set of differentially expressed transcripts (e.g., TaGLI1, TaACT1, and TaSSI2) involved in glycerol and fatty acid metabolism that were upregulated in response to Bgt infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol induced GO terms including jasmonic acid response, bacterial defense, lipid oxidation and growth.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- glycerole0
- Outcome
- GO termse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed GO terms induced by glycerol, such as response to jasmonic acid (JA), defense response to bacterium, lipid oxidation, and growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol induced genes in linolenic and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- glycerol applicatione0
- Gene
- LOX, AOS, and OPRse0
- Outcome
- genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“glycerol application induced genes (e.g., LOX, AOS, and OPRs) involved in the metabolism pathway of linolenic and alpha-linolenic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol induced JA and SA levels in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Glycerole0
- Outcome
- JA and salicylic acid (SA) levelse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycerol induced JA and salicylic acid (SA) levels, while glycerol reduced the auxin (IAA) level in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol reduced auxin levels in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- glycerole0
- Outcome
- auxin (IAA) levele0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glycerol reduced the auxin (IAA) level in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol induced wheat pathogenesis related genes.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Glycerol treatmente0
- Outcome
- pathogenesis related (PR) genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Glycerol treatment also induced pathogenesis related (PR) genes, including PR-1, PR-3, PR-10, callose synthase, PRMS, RPM1, peroxidase, HSP70, HSP90”
The same questions in other papers
glycerol · molecular: expression · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
glycerol · physiology: hormones · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.