Abstract
The individual impact of silicon (Si) and nitric oxide (NO, as sodium nitroprusside) on metal toxicity in various plant species has been well documented; however, their combined action in the regulation of metal stress has never been tested yet. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of the combined application of Si and NO in the mitigation of Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings. Seedlings grown on Cd has a significantly declined growth due to an increased accumulation of Cd and oxidative stress markers (due to downregulation of antioxidant defense system particularly ascorbate-glutathione cycle) and a decreased accumulation of NO and Si. Additionally, the altered leaf and root structures resulted into a declined photosynthetic efficiency. However, the addition of Si and NO alone as well as combined significantly alleviated Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings by lowering the accumulation of Cd and oxidative stress markers and improving leaf and root structures, which are collectively responsible for a better photosynthetic rate under Cd toxicity, and hence an improved growth was noticed. Particularly, the application of Si and NO in combination lowered the oxidative stress markers via upregulating the antioxidant defense system (particularly AsA-GSH cycle) suggesting the increased efficacy of Si + NO against the Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings as compared to their alone treatments.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced wheat seedling growth significantly.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings grown on Cd has a significantly declined growth”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased Cd accumulation and oxidative stress markers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cd and oxidative stress markerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to an increased accumulation of Cd and oxidative stress markers”
e1“Seedlings grown on Cd”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium downregulated the antioxidant defense system, particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- antioxidant defense system particularly ascorbate-glutathione cyclee0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to downregulation of antioxidant defense system particularly ascorbate-glutathione cycle”
e1“Seedlings grown on Cd”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased NO and Si accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- accumulation of NO and Sie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decreased accumulation of NO and Si”
e1“Seedlings grown on Cd”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Altered leaf and root structures were associated with lower photosynthetic efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and roote0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the altered leaf and root structures resulted into a declined photosynthetic efficiency”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon alone alleviated cadmium toxicity by lowering Cd and oxidative stress markers and improving leaf and root structures, photosynthesis, and growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- Cd toxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of Si and NO alone as well as combined significantly alleviated Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings by lowering the accumulation of Cd and oxidative stress markers and improving leaf and root structures, which are collectively responsible for a better photosynthetic rate under Cd toxicity, and hence an improved growth was noticed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide alone alleviated cadmium toxicity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- Cd toxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of Si and NO alone as well as combined significantly alleviated Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined silicon and nitric oxide alleviated cadmium toxicity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si and NOe0
- Outcome
- Cd toxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of Si and NO alone as well as combined significantly alleviated Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined silicon and nitric oxide lowered oxidative stress markers through increased antioxidant defense compared with single treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si and NO in combinatione0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markerse0
- Qualifier
- via upregulating the antioxidant defense system (particularly AsA-GSH cycle)e0
- Comparator
- their alone treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of Si and NO in combination lowered the oxidative stress markers via upregulating the antioxidant defense system (particularly AsA-GSH cycle) suggesting the increased efficacy of Si + NO against the Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings as compared to their alone treatments.”
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See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.