Abstract
Plants are routinely subjected simultaneously to different abiotic and biotic stresses, such as heat, drought, and insect infestation. Plant-insect interactions in such complex stress situations are poorly understood. We evaluated the performance of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to a combination of heat and drought stresses. We also performed assays of the relative water content, nutritional quality, and responses of phytohormone signaling pathways. Lower relative water content and accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids were observed in plants exposed to combined heat and drought stress. These conditions increased abscisic acid levels in the absence of aphids, as well as leading to higher levels of jasmonate-dependent transcripts. The grain aphid infestation further increased abscisic acid levels and the abundance of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-dependent defenses under the combined stress conditions. Aphids reared on plants grown under drought stress alone showed lower net reproductive rates, intrinsic rates of increase, and finite rates of increase compared with aphids reared on plants in the absence of stress. The heat-treated plants also showed a decreased aphid net reproductive rate. These findings demonstrate that exposure to a combination of stresses enhances plant defense responses against aphids as well as altering nutritional quality.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Combined heat and drought stress lowered relative water content in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- combined heat and drought stresse1
- Outcome
- relative water contente1
- Direction
- Lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat”
e1“Lower relative water content and accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids were observed in plants exposed to combined heat and drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined heat and drought stress led to accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined heat and drought stresse1
- Outcome
- soluble sugars and amino acidse1
- Direction
- accumulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat”
e1“Lower relative water content and accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids were observed in plants exposed to combined heat and drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined heat and drought stress increased abscisic acid levels in wheat in the absence of aphids.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined heat and drought stresse1
- Outcome
- abscisic acid levelse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- in the absence of aphidse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat”
e1“Lower relative water content and accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids were observed in plants exposed to combined heat and drought stress”
e2“These conditions increased abscisic acid levels in the absence of aphids”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined heat and drought stress led to higher levels of jasmonate-dependent transcripts in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined heat and drought stresse1
- Outcome
- jasmonate-dependent transcriptse3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat”
e1“Lower relative water content and accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids were observed in plants exposed to combined heat and drought stress”
e3“as well as leading to higher levels of jasmonate-dependent transcripts”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain aphid infestation further increased abscisic acid levels in wheat under combined heat and drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- grain aphid infestatione4
- Interactor
- grain aphid
Sitobion avenaee4pest - Outcome
- abscisic acid levelse4
- Direction
- further increasede4
- Qualifier
- under the combined stress conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat”
e4“The grain aphid infestation further increased abscisic acid levels and the abundance of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-dependent defenses under the combined stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain aphid infestation increased jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-dependent defences in wheat under combined heat and drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- grain aphid infestatione4
- Interactor
- grain aphidSitobion avenaee4pest
- Outcome
- abundance of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-dependent defensese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- under the combined stress conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat”
e4“The grain aphid infestation further increased abscisic acid levels and the abundance of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-dependent defenses under the combined stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids reared on wheat under drought stress alone had lower net reproductive, intrinsic and finite rates of increase than aphids on unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought stress alonee5
- Interactor
- AphidsAphidomorphae5pest
- Outcome
- net reproductive rates, intrinsic rates of increase, and finite rates of increasee5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- in the absence of stresse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat”
e5“Aphids reared on plants grown under drought stress alone showed lower net reproductive rates, intrinsic rates of increase, and finite rates of increase compared with aphids reared on plants in the absence of stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-treated wheat plants decreased the aphid net reproductive rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat-treated plantse6
- Interactor
- aphide6pest
- Outcome
- aphid net reproductive ratee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in wheat”
e6“The heat-treated plants also showed a decreased aphid net reproductive rate”
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.