Abstract
Crop plants always encounter multiple stresses in the natural environment. Here, the effects of the fungicide zinc thiazole (ZT) on propagation of Ralstonia solanacearum, a bacterial pathogen, were investigated in peanut seedlings under salt stress. Compared with water control, salt stress markedly reduced pathogen resistance in peanut seedlings. However, impaired pathogen resistance was alleviated by treatment with dimethylthiourea, a specific ROS scavenger, or ZT. Subsequently, salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment resulted in inhibition of photosynthesis, loss of chlorophyll and accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which could be reversed by ZT. In addition, ZT treatment suppressed the salt stress up-regulated Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratios in peanut roots. Furthermore, salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment impaired the activities of antioxidant (e.g. superoxide dismutase/SOD and catalase/CAT), and defense-related (e.g. phenylalanine ammonia lyase /PAL and polyphenol oxidase/PPO) enzymes, which could be rescued by addition of ZT. In contrast, only slight changes of SOD and CAT activities were observed in pathogen-infected seedlings. Similarly, activities of PAL and PPO were slightly modified by salt stress in peanut seedlings. These results suggest that the ZT-enhanced pathogen resistance can be partly attributed to the improvement of photosynthetic capacity and defense enzyme activities, and also the inhibition of Na+/K+ ratios, in this salt-stressed crop plant.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with a water control, salt stress markedly reduced resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume1pathogen - Outcome
- pathogen resistancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- water controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with water control, salt stress markedly reduced pathogen resistance in peanut seedlings”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
The salt-impaired pathogen resistance of peanut seedlings was alleviated by dimethylthiourea, a ROS scavenger.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- dimethylthioureae0
- Outcome
- impaired pathogen resistancee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“impaired pathogen resistance was alleviated by treatment with dimethylthiourea, a specific ROS scavenger, or ZT”
Claim · model-written summary
The salt-impaired pathogen resistance of peanut seedlings was alleviated by zinc thiazole (ZT).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- ZTe0
- Outcome
- impaired pathogen resistancee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“impaired pathogen resistance was alleviated by treatment with dimethylthiourea, a specific ROS scavenger, or ZT”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment inhibited photosynthesis and caused chlorophyll loss in peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- inhibition of photosynthesis, loss of chlorophylle0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment resulted in inhibition of photosynthesis, loss of chlorophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment led to accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- thiobarbituric acid reactive substancese0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment resulted in inhibition of photosynthesis, loss of chlorophyll and accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT reversed the inhibition of photosynthesis, chlorophyll loss and TBARS accumulation caused by salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment in peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- ZTe0
- Outcome
- inhibition of photosynthesis, loss of chlorophyll and accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substancese0
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“inhibition of photosynthesis, loss of chlorophyll and accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which could be reversed by ZT”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT treatment suppressed the salt-stress-increased Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratios in peanut roots.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ZT treatmente0
- Outcome
- Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratiose0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT treatment suppressed the salt stress up-regulated Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratios in peanut roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment impaired the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant (e.g. superoxide dismutase/SOD and catalase/CAT)e0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment impaired the activities of antioxidant (e.g. superoxide dismutase/SOD and catalase/CAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment impaired the activities of defense-related enzymes (PAL and PPO) in peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- defense-related (e.g. phenylalanine ammonia lyase /PAL and polyphenol oxidase/PPO) enzymese1
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“salt stress or combined salt and pathogen treatment impaired”
e1“defense-related (e.g. phenylalanine ammonia lyase /PAL and polyphenol oxidase/PPO) enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of ZT rescued the impaired antioxidant and defense-related enzyme activities in peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- addition of ZTe0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant (e.g. superoxide dismutase/SOD and catalase/CAT), and defense-related (e.g. phenylalanine ammonia lyase /PAL and polyphenol oxidase/PPO) enzymese0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“impaired the activities of antioxidant (e.g. superoxide dismutase/SOD and catalase/CAT), and defense-related (e.g. phenylalanine ammonia lyase /PAL and polyphenol oxidase/PPO) enzymes, which could be rescued by addition of ZT”
Claim · model-written summary
Only slight changes of SOD and CAT activities were observed in pathogen-infected peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- SOD and CAT activitiese0
- Qualifier
- only slight changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“only slight changes of SOD and CAT activities were observed in pathogen-infected seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Activities of PAL and PPO were slightly modified by salt stress in peanut seedlings.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- activities of PAL and PPOe0
- Direction
- slightly modifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of PAL and PPO were slightly modified by salt stress in peanut seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that ZT-enhanced pathogen resistance can be partly attributed to improved photosynthetic capacity and defense enzyme activities and to inhibition of Na+/K+ ratios in salt-stressed peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- ZTe0
- Outcome
- pathogen resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e0“the ZT-enhanced pathogen resistance can be partly attributed to the improvement of photosynthetic capacity and defense enzyme activities, and also the inhibition of Na+/K+ ratios”
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