Abstract
Besides carbon (C) sequestration, biochar (BC) is recently believed to deliver multiple eco-friendly benefits to the soil for enhancing crop productivity. Use of mineral fertilizers coupled with BC been suggested a promising sustainable strategy for increasing crops yield. However, imperative study is needed to investigate (1) BC integration with multiple legumes crop adjusted in summer gape for pooling more organic carbon and nitrogen, and (2) subsequently looking into its synergism with mineral N in the following crop. Therefore, two years’ field experiments were conducted on maize under cereal based cropping pattern with the adjustment of legumes (i.e., mungbean, cowpea, and Sesbania) with a fallow in summer. In legumes, treatments consist of (0 and 50 t ha−1) BC application. However, N rates of 0, 90, 120, 150 kg ha−1 were added to the subsequent maize crop. Preceding legumes plots with the use of 50 t ha−1 biochar enhanced maize grain yield, above ground biomass, stover N, grain N, soil C, and N content after maize harvest and N use efficiency as compared to non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plots. N application increased grain yield, above-ground biomass, stover N, grain N, and soil N but reduced N use efficiency with higher rates. Conclusively, the integration of biochar and legumes is a promising option for increasing the entire farm production of cereal-based cropping systems. This increment in yield was associated with supplying a viable input of N and C to soil and increased yields from this supplementary ‘summer gap’ crop.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar on preceding legume plots enhanced maize grain yield and aboveground biomass relative to comparison plots.
- Treatment
- 50 t ha−1 biochare0
- Outcome
- maize grain yield, above ground biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plotse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preceding legumes plots with the use of 50 t ha−1 biochar enhanced maize grain yield, above ground biomass, stover N, grain N, soil C, and N content after maize harvest and N use efficiency as compared to non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar on preceding legume plots enhanced stover and grain nitrogen relative to comparison plots.
- Treatment
- 50 t ha−1 biochare0
- Outcome
- stover N, grain Ne0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preceding legumes plots with the use of 50 t ha−1 biochar enhanced maize grain yield, above ground biomass, stover N, grain N, soil C, and N content after maize harvest and N use efficiency as compared to non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar on preceding legume plots enhanced soil carbon and nitrogen after maize harvest.
- Treatment
- 50 t ha−1 biochare0
- Outcome
- soil C, and N content after maize harveste0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preceding legumes plots with the use of 50 t ha−1 biochar enhanced maize grain yield, above ground biomass, stover N, grain N, soil C, and N content after maize harvest and N use efficiency as compared to non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar on preceding legume plots enhanced maize nitrogen use efficiency.
- Treatment
- 50 t ha−1 biochare0
- Outcome
- N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preceding legumes plots with the use of 50 t ha−1 biochar enhanced maize grain yield, above ground biomass, stover N, grain N, soil C, and N content after maize harvest and N use efficiency as compared to non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased maize grain yield and aboveground biomass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application increased grain yield, above-ground biomass, stover N, grain N, and soil N but reduced N use efficiency with higher rates.”
e1“subsequent maize crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased stover and grain nitrogen.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application increased grain yield, above-ground biomass, stover N, grain N, and soil N but reduced N use efficiency with higher rates.”
e1“subsequent maize crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased soil nitrogen.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application increased grain yield, above-ground biomass, stover N, grain N, and soil N but reduced N use efficiency with higher rates.”
e1“subsequent maize crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates reduced nitrogen use efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application increased grain yield, above-ground biomass, stover N, grain N, and soil N but reduced N use efficiency with higher rates.”
e1“subsequent maize crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrating biochar and legumes to increase farm production in cereal systems.
- Outcome
- increasing the entire farm production of cereal-based cropping systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the integration of biochar and legumes is a promising option for increasing the entire farm production of cereal-based cropping systems.”
e1“subsequent maize crop”
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