Abstract
Low soil phosphorus (P) availability is a notable limitation for legume nodulation, nitrogen fixation and yield, and it is therefore important to improve legume growth under P-deficient conditions. This study aimed to determine the effects of coinoculation with Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacter (PGPR) on the nitrogen fixation and nutrient uptake of white clover (Trifolium repens) in a P-deficient soil. White clover plants were inoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains CHB1120 and CHB1121 alone or coinoculated with either of the Rhizobium strains and one of the two PGPR strains, Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31. White clover inoculated with either CHB1120 or CHB1121 alone and coinoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains and the PGPR significantly enhanced nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control. The coinoculation of either CHB1120 or CHB1121 and Sb showed a significantly greater level of nitrogenase than the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121. In addition, the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121 and their coinoculation with PGPR significantly increased nitrogen contents in both shoots and roots under P-deficient conditions. The coinoculation of CHB1121 and G31 showed the greatest N content in shoots. Moreover, the single inoculation of the two Rhizobium strains and their coinoculation with G31 and Sb significantly increased the K, Ca, and Mg contents in shoots compared with the non-inoculated control. In summary, the PGPR used in this study can enhance the symbiotic potential of rhizobia under low P conditions.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1120 inoculation significantly increased white-clover nodule numbers relative to the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White clover
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- CHB1120e0
- Outcome
- nodule numberse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White clover inoculated with either CHB1120 or CHB1121 alone and coinoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains and the PGPR significantly enhanced nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1121 inoculation significantly increased white-clover nodule numbers relative to the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- CHB1121e0
- Outcome
- nodule numberse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White clover inoculated with either CHB1120 or CHB1121 alone and coinoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains and the PGPR significantly enhanced nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1120 and Sb coinoculation significantly increased white-clover nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- coinoculatede0
- Second interactor
- Bacillus aryabhattai strain SbPriestia aryabhattaie1symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule numberse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1120e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White clover inoculated with either CHB1120 or CHB1121 alone and coinoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains and the PGPR significantly enhanced nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.”
e1“Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1120 and G31 coinoculation significantly increased white-clover nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- coinoculatede0
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31Azotobacter vinelandiie1symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule numberse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1120e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White clover inoculated with either CHB1120 or CHB1121 alone and coinoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains and the PGPR significantly enhanced nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.”
e1“Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1121 and Sb coinoculation significantly increased white-clover nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- coinoculatede0
- Second interactor
- Bacillus aryabhattai strain SbPriestia aryabhattaie1symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule numberse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1121e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White clover inoculated with either CHB1120 or CHB1121 alone and coinoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains and the PGPR significantly enhanced nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.”
e1“Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1121 and G31 coinoculation significantly increased white-clover nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- coinoculatede0
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31Azotobacter vinelandiie1symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule numberse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1121e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White clover inoculated with either CHB1120 or CHB1121 alone and coinoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains and the PGPR significantly enhanced nodule numbers compared with the non-inoculated control.”
e1“Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinoculation with CHB1120 and Sb produced significantly greater nitrogenase levels in white clover than single CHB1120 inoculation.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- coinoculatione0
- Second interactor
- Bacillus aryabhattai strain SbPriestia aryabhattaie1symbiont
- Outcome
- level of nitrogenasee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- CHB1120e0
- Comparator
- single inoculation of CHB1120e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coinoculation of either CHB1120 or CHB1121 and Sb showed a significantly greater level of nitrogenase than the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121.”
e1“Rhizobium strains and one of the two PGPR strains, Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
t0“Trifolium repens”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinoculation with CHB1121 and Sb produced significantly greater nitrogenase levels in white clover than single CHB1121 inoculation.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- coinoculatione0
- Second interactor
- Bacillus aryabhattai strain SbPriestia aryabhattaie1symbiont
- Outcome
- level of nitrogenasee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- CHB1121 and Sbe0
- Comparator
- CHB1121e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coinoculation of either CHB1120 or CHB1121 and Sb showed a significantly greater level of nitrogenase than the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121.”
e1“Rhizobium strains and one of the two PGPR strains, Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
t0“Trifolium repens”
Claim · model-written summary
Single CHB1120 inoculation significantly increased white-clover nitrogen contents in shoots and roots under phosphorus deficiency.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense1
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- single inoculation of CHB1120e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- P-deficient conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121 and their coinoculation with PGPR significantly increased nitrogen contents in both shoots and roots under P-deficient conditions.”
e1“White clover plants were inoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains CHB1120 and CHB1121 alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Single CHB1121 inoculation significantly increased white-clover nitrogen contents in shoots and roots under phosphorus deficiency.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense1
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- CHB1121e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- P-deficient conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121 and their coinoculation with PGPR significantly increased nitrogen contents in both shoots and roots under P-deficient conditions.”
e1“White clover plants were inoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains CHB1120 and CHB1121 alone”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1120 and Sb coinoculation significantly increased white-clover shoot and root nitrogen contents under phosphorus deficiency.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repenst0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- coinoculation with PGPRe0
- Second interactor
- Bacillus aryabhattai strain SbPriestia aryabhattaie1symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1120e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121 and their coinoculation with PGPR significantly increased nitrogen contents in both shoots and roots under P-deficient conditions.”
e1“Rhizobium strains and one of the two PGPR strains, Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
t0“Trifolium repens”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1120 and G31 coinoculation significantly increased white-clover shoot and root nitrogen contents under phosphorus deficiency.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repenst0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- coinoculation with PGPRe0
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31Azotobacter vinelandiie1symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1120e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121 and their coinoculation with PGPR significantly increased nitrogen contents in both shoots and roots under P-deficient conditions.”
e1“Rhizobium strains and one of the two PGPR strains, Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
t0“Trifolium repens”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1121 and Sb coinoculation significantly increased white-clover shoot and root nitrogen contents under phosphorus deficiency.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repenst0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- coinoculation with PGPRe0
- Second interactor
- Bacillus aryabhattai strain SbPriestia aryabhattaie1symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1121e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121 and their coinoculation with PGPR significantly increased nitrogen contents in both shoots and roots under P-deficient conditions.”
e1“Rhizobium strains and one of the two PGPR strains, Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
t0“Trifolium repens”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1121 and G31 coinoculation significantly increased white-clover shoot and root nitrogen contents under phosphorus deficiency and produced the greatest shoot nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repenst0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- coinoculation of CHB1121 and G31e0
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31Azotobacter vinelandiie1symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- greatest N content in shootse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the single inoculation of CHB1120 or CHB1121 and their coinoculation with PGPR significantly increased nitrogen contents in both shoots and roots under P-deficient conditions. The coinoculation of CHB1121 and G31 showed the greatest N content in shoots.”
e1“Rhizobium strains and one of the two PGPR strains, Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
t0“Trifolium repens”
Claim · model-written summary
Single CHB1120 inoculation significantly increased white-clover shoot K, Ca and Mg contents compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense1
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- single inoculatione0
- Outcome
- K, Ca, and Mg contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1120e1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the single inoculation of the two Rhizobium strains and their coinoculation with G31 and Sb significantly increased the K, Ca, and Mg contents in shoots compared with the non-inoculated control.”
e1“White clover plants were inoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains CHB1120 and CHB1121 alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Single CHB1121 inoculation significantly increased white-clover shoot K, Ca and Mg contents compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense1
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- single inoculatione0
- Outcome
- K, Ca, and Mg contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1121e1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the single inoculation of the two Rhizobium strains and their coinoculation with G31 and Sb significantly increased the K, Ca, and Mg contents in shoots compared with the non-inoculated control.”
e1“White clover plants were inoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains CHB1120 and CHB1121 alone”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1120 and G31 coinoculation significantly increased white-clover shoot K, Ca and Mg contents compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense1
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- coinoculatione0
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31Azotobacter vinelandiie2symbiont
- Outcome
- K, Ca, and Mg contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1120e1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the single inoculation of the two Rhizobium strains and their coinoculation with G31 and Sb significantly increased the K, Ca, and Mg contents in shoots compared with the non-inoculated control.”
e1“White clover plants were inoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains CHB1120 and CHB1121 alone”
e2“Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB1121 and G31 coinoculation significantly increased white-clover shoot K, Ca and Mg contents compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense1
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- coinoculatione0
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31Azotobacter vinelandiie2symbiont
- Outcome
- K, Ca, and Mg contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1121e1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the single inoculation of the two Rhizobium strains and their coinoculation with G31 and Sb significantly increased the K, Ca, and Mg contents in shoots compared with the non-inoculated control.”
e1“White clover plants were inoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains CHB1120 and CHB1121 alone”
e2“Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinoculation of either Rhizobium strain with Sb significantly increased white-clover shoot K, Ca and Mg contents compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense1
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- coinoculatione0
- Second interactor
- Bacillus aryabhattai strain SbPriestia aryabhattaie2symbiont
- Outcome
- K, Ca, and Mg contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- CHB1120 and CHB1121e1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the single inoculation of the two Rhizobium strains and their coinoculation with G31 and Sb significantly increased the K, Ca, and Mg contents in shoots compared with the non-inoculated control.”
e1“White clover plants were inoculated with one of the two Rhizobium strains CHB1120 and CHB1121 alone”
e2“Bacillus aryabhattai strain Sb and Azotobacter vinelandii strain G31”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the tested PGPR can enhance rhizobial symbiotic potential under low phosphorus conditions in white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repenst0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- symbiotic potential of rhizobiae0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Qualifier
- under low P conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In summary, the PGPR used in this study can enhance the symbiotic potential of rhizobia under low P conditions.”
t0“Trifolium repens”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Rhizobium · Trifolium repens (white clover)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.