Abstract
Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some neonicotinoid insecticides including, Actara 25 WDG (foliar and soil treatment), Confidor 200 SL, Calypso 480 SC, Polo, Confidor 5 G against cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci on Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) during the growing season of 2018. The results revealed that the highest population of the adults was concentrated on the upper leaves at the new growth of the plant, while the majority of nymphs were found on the middle leaves of the plant, and the females preferred to lay the eggs on the upper leaves because the highest proportion of eggs was found on the upper leaves. The foliar application of Actara and confidor were significantly effective against the whiteflies after one day of treatment. While the soil treatments of the Actara and Confidor showed the least efficiency at one day after the treatment; all treatments except Polo were significantly superior over control in decreasing the population of the nymphs at the day 14 after the treatment. Polo did not show any efficiency in the reduction of the number of live nymphs. The data on efficacy of the tested neonicotinoid insecticides against the B. tabaci on the eggplant under the greenhouse showed different efficiency according to the treatment method. At one day after the application, foliar spraying of Actara and Calypso were the most efficient; and the efficacy of all tested insecticides increased up to the day 14 after application, and foliar treatment of Actara gave the highest efficacy after 14 days.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Adult whiteflies were most concentrated on upper new leaves.
- Taxon
- Eggplant
Solanum melongenat0 - Organ / stage
- upper leavese0
- Outcome
- population of the adultse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest population of the adults was concentrated on the upper leaves at the new growth of the plant”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Most nymphs occurred on middle leaves.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Organ / stage
- middle leavese0
- Outcome
- majority of nymphse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the majority of nymphs were found on the middle leaves of the plant”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggs were most frequent on upper leaves.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Organ / stage
- upper leavese0
- Outcome
- proportion of eggse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest proportion of eggs was found on the upper leaves”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Actara significantly controlled whiteflies after one day.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Actarae0
- Outcome
- effective against the whitefliese0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application of Actara and confidor were significantly effective against the whiteflies after one day of treatment.”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar confidor significantly controlled whiteflies after one day.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- confidore0
- Outcome
- effective against the whitefliese0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application of Actara and confidor were significantly effective against the whiteflies after one day of treatment.”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Actara had low efficacy at day one.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Actarae0
- Outcome
- efficiencye0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil treatments of the Actara and Confidor showed the least efficiency at one day after the treatment”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Confidor had low efficacy at day one.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Confidore0
- Outcome
- efficiencye0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil treatments of the Actara and Confidor showed the least efficiency at one day after the treatment”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments except Polo reduced nymph populations versus control at day 14.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- all treatments except Poloe0
- Outcome
- population of the nymphse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments except Polo were significantly superior over control in decreasing the population of the nymphs at the day 14 after the treatment”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Polo did not reduce live nymph numbers.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Poloe0
- Outcome
- number of live nymphse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polo did not show any efficiency in the reduction of the number of live nymphs.”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Actara was among the most efficient at day one.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Actarae0
- Outcome
- most efficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying of Actara and Calypso were the most efficient”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Calypso was among the most efficient at day one.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Calypsoe0
- Outcome
- most efficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying of Actara and Calypso were the most efficient”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide efficacy increased up to day 14.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- efficacy of all tested insecticidese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy of all tested insecticides increased up to the day 14 after application”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Actara had highest efficacy after 14 days.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Actarae0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar treatment of Actara gave the highest efficacy after 14 days”
t0“eggplant”