Abstract
Sunlight radiation is a main environmental factor which affects anthocyanin synthesis. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of sunlight on the synthesis of anthocyanin in apple peel, bagged apples were exposed to diverse intensities of sunlight through different shading treatments. Under an increased solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light intensity, the concentration of anthocyanin in apple peels was consistent with the Michaelis-Menten equation. Under lower sunlight intensities, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, an inhibitor of plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase) treatment increased both the concentration of cyanidin-3-glycoside and the activity of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). However, under higher sunlight intensities, DPI treatment decreased the concentrations of cyanidin-3-glycoside and quercetin-3-glycoside, as well as the activities of DFR and UDP-glycose: flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (UFGT). These results indicate that, under low sunlight intensity, anthocyanin synthesis in apple peel was limited by the supply of the substrate cyanidin, which was regulated by the DFR activity. Nevertheless, after exposure to high sunlight intensity, the anthocyanin produced in the apple peel was dependent on UFGT activity.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Apple peel anthocyanin concentration under increased UV-B intensity followed a Michaelis-Menten relationship.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- increased solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light intensitye0
- Outcome
- concentration of anthocyanin in apple peelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under an increased solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light intensity, the concentration of anthocyanin in apple peels was consistent with the Michaelis-Menten equation.”
Claim · model-written summary
At lower sunlight intensity, DPI increased cyanidin-3-glycoside concentration and DFR activity.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, an inhibitor of plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase) treatmente0
- Gene
- dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR)e0
- Outcome
- concentration of cyanidin-3-glycoside and the activity of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- lower sunlight intensitiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under lower sunlight intensities, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, an inhibitor of plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase) treatment increased both the concentration of cyanidin-3-glycoside and the activity of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR).”
t0“Apple Peel”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher sunlight intensity, DPI decreased cyanidin-3-glycoside and quercetin-3-glycoside concentrations.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- DPI treatmente0
- Outcome
- concentrations of cyanidin-3-glycoside and quercetin-3-glycosidee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- higher sunlight intensitiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under higher sunlight intensities, DPI treatment decreased the concentrations of cyanidin-3-glycoside and quercetin-3-glycoside, as well as the activities of DFR and UDP-glycose: flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (UFGT).”
t0“Apple Peel”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher sunlight intensity, DPI decreased DFR and UFGT activities.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- DPI treatmente0
- Gene
- UDP-glycose: flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (UFGT)e0
- Outcome
- activities of DFR and UDP-glycose: flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (UFGT)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- higher sunlight intensitiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under higher sunlight intensities, DPI treatment decreased the concentrations of cyanidin-3-glycoside and quercetin-3-glycoside, as well as the activities of DFR and UDP-glycose: flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (UFGT).”
t0“Apple Peel”
Claim · model-written summary
At low sunlight intensity, cyanidin supply regulated by DFR activity limited apple peel anthocyanin synthesis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- DFRe0
- Compound
- cyanidine0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin synthesis in apple peele0
- Qualifier
- low sunlight intensitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under low sunlight intensity, anthocyanin synthesis in apple peel was limited by the supply of the substrate cyanidin, which was regulated by the DFR activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
At high sunlight intensity, apple peel anthocyanin production depended on UFGT activity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- UFGTe0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin produced in the apple peele0
- Qualifier
- high sunlight intensitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after exposure to high sunlight intensity, the anthocyanin produced in the apple peel was dependent on UFGT activity.”
The same questions in other papers
NADPH · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
physical treatment · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.