Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway in the cytoplasm and has emerged as a key defense mechanism against invading pathogens. However, there is no evidence showing nuclear autophagy in plants. Here, we show that a geminivirus nuclear protein, C1 of tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) induces autophagy and interacts directly with the core autophagy-related protein ATG8h. The interaction between ATG8h and C1 leads to the translocation of the C1 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the decreased protein accumulation of C1, which is dependent on the exportin1-mediated nuclear export pathway. The degradation of C1 is blocked by autophagy inhibitors and compromised when the autophagy-related genes (ATGs) ATG8h, ATG5, or ATG7 are knocked down. Similarly, silencing of these ATGs also promotes TLCYnV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum plants. The mutation of a potential ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) in C1 abolishes its interaction with ATG8h in the cytoplasm but favors its interaction with Fibrillarin1 in the nucleolus. TLCYnV carrying the AIM mutation displays enhanced pathogenicity in solanaceous plants. Taken together, these data suggest that a new type of nuclear autophagy-mediated degradation of viral proteins through an exportin1-dependent nuclear export pathway restricts virus infection in plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Viral C1 induces autophagy and interacts with ATG8h.
- Taxon
- solanaceous plantst0
- Interactor
- tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV)Tomato leaf curl Yunnan viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- ATG8he0
- Outcome
- induces autophagy and interacts directlye0
Verbatim
e0“a geminivirus nuclear protein, C1 of tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) induces autophagy and interacts directly with the core autophagy-related protein ATG8h”
t0“solanaceous plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ATG8h interaction relocates C1 and reduces its accumulation through exportin1.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between ATG8h and C1 leads to the translocation of the C1 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the decreased protein accumulation of C1, which is dependent on the exportin1-mediated nuclear export pathway”
t0“solanaceous plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Autophagy inhibitors blocked C1 degradation.
- Taxon
- solanaceous plantst0
- Treatment
- autophagy inhibitorse0
- Gene
- C1e0
- Outcome
- degradation of C1e0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The degradation of C1 is blocked by autophagy inhibitors”
t0“solanaceous plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Knockdown of ATG8h, ATG5 or ATG7 compromised C1 degradation.
- Taxon
- solanaceous plantst0
- Treatment
- ATG8h, ATG5, or ATG7 are knocked downe0
- Outcome
- compromisede0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“compromised when the autophagy-related genes (ATGs) ATG8h, ATG5, or ATG7 are knocked down”
t0“solanaceous plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing autophagy genes promoted TLCYnV infection in both plant species.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- silencing of these ATGse0
- Interactor
- TLCYnVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- TLCYnV infectione0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing of these ATGs also promotes TLCYnV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The C1 AIM mutation abolished cytoplasmic ATG8h interaction.
- Taxon
- solanaceous plantst0
- Treatment
- mutation of a potential ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) in C1e0
- Outcome
- interaction with ATG8he0
- Direction
- abolishese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The mutation of a potential ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) in C1 abolishes its interaction with ATG8h in the cytoplasm”
t0“solanaceous plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The C1 AIM mutation favored Fibrillarin1 interaction in the nucleolus.
- Taxon
- solanaceous plantst0
- Treatment
- mutation of a potential ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) in C1e1
- Outcome
- interaction with Fibrillarin1e0
- Direction
- favorse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“favors its interaction with Fibrillarin1 in the nucleolus”
e1“The mutation of a potential ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) in C1”
t0“solanaceous plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TLCYnV with AIM mutation had enhanced pathogenicity.
- Taxon
- solanaceous plantse0
- Treatment
- AIM mutatione0
- Interactor
- TLCYnVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“TLCYnV carrying the AIM mutation displays enhanced pathogenicity in solanaceous plants”
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