Abstract
Abstract Shading conditions adversely affect flower-number and pod-number of soybeans under maize-soybean relay-intercropping (MS R ). Here we reveal that leaf-removal from maize-canopy improves the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and dry-matter production (DMP) of soybean (especially during the co-growth phase), and compensates the maize seed-yield loss by considerably increasing soybean seed-yield. In a two-year experiment with MS R , maize-plants were subjected to different leaf-removal treatments to increase the PAR-transmittance of soybean; removal of the topmost two-leaves (R2), four-leaves (R4), six-leaves (R6), with no-removal of leaves (R0). Leaf-removal treatments improved the PAR-transmittance, photosynthetic-rate, and morphological-characteristics of soybean under MS R . At 90 days after sowing, the dry-matter of pods, and seeds was increased by 25%, and 32%, respectively under R6 than R0. Importantly, enhanced PAR-transmittance and DMP under R6 enabled soybean to initiate a greater number of flowers 182.2 plant −1 compared to 142.7 plant −1 under R0, and it also decreased the flower-abscission (by 13%, from 54.9% under R0 to 47.6% under R6). These positive responses increased the pod-number by 49% and seed-number by 28% under R6 than R0. Overall, under R6, relay-intercropped soybean produced 78% of sole-soybean seed-yield, and relay-intercropped maize produced 81% of sole-maize seed-yield and achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.59.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf removal improved light transmission, photosynthesis and morphology of relay-intercropped soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Leaf-removal treatmentse0
- Outcome
- PAR-transmittance, photosynthetic-rate, and morphological-characteristicse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf-removal treatments improved the PAR-transmittance, photosynthetic-rate, and morphological-characteristics of soybean under MS R .”
Claim · model-written summary
R6 increased soybean pod dry matter by 25% relative to R0.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- R6e0
- Outcome
- dry-matter of podse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Qualifier
- 90 days after sowinge0
- Comparator
- R0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 90 days after sowing, the dry-matter of pods, and seeds was increased by 25%, and 32%, respectively under R6 than R0.”
t0“seed-yield of soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
R6 increased soybean seed dry matter by 32% relative to R0.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 90 days after sowing, the dry-matter of pods, and seeds was increased by 25%, and 32%, respectively under R6 than R0.”
t0“seed-yield of soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
R6 soybean initiated 182.2 flowers per plant versus 142.7 under R0.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- R6e0
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 182.2 plant −1e0
- Qualifier
- 142.7 plant −1e0
- Comparator
- R0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under R6 enabled soybean to initiate a greater number of flowers 182.2 plant −1 compared to 142.7 plant −1 under R0”
Claim · model-written summary
R6 decreased soybean flower abscission by 13% relative to R0.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- R6e0
- Outcome
- flower-abscissione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- from 54.9% under R0 to 47.6% under R6e0
- Comparator
- R0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it also decreased the flower-abscission (by 13%, from 54.9% under R0 to 47.6% under R6)”
t0“seed-yield of soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
R6 increased soybean pod number by 49% relative to R0.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- R6e0
- Outcome
- pod-numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 49%e0
- Comparator
- R0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These positive responses increased the pod-number by 49% and seed-number by 28% under R6 than R0.”
t0“seed-yield of soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
R6 increased soybean seed number by 28% relative to R0.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- R6e0
- Outcome
- seed-numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- R0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These positive responses increased the pod-number by 49% and seed-number by 28% under R6 than R0.”
t0“seed-yield of soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under R6, relay-intercropped soybean yielded 78% of sole soybean.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under R6, relay-intercropped soybean produced 78% of sole-soybean seed-yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Under R6, relay-intercropped maize yielded 81% of sole maize.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relay-intercropped maize produced 81% of sole-maize seed-yield”
Claim · model-written summary
R6 intercropping achieved a land equivalent ratio of 1.59.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratioe0
- Value
- 1.59e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.59”
t0“soybean in maize soybean relay intercropping system”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.