Abstract
Leafy vegetables are a rich source of iron and fibers for the human diet, which may become hazardous if exposed to heavy metal contamination. Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are two highly toxic metals even at trace concentrations. Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) can alter the uptake of heavy metals and localization of essential minerals such as iron (Fe) through different mechanisms. The goal of this study was to understand the mutual effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and coexisting heavy metals Pb2+ and Cd2+ on their uptake and accumulation as well as their effects on Fe concentrations in romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia) in a hydroponic system. At termination, shoots were gently separated from the roots, and the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Fe, and Zn in all plant tissues were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, microbial density analysis in the growth media was performed for each treatment. The results indicated active interactions between ZnONPs and coexisting divalent heavy metals. ZnONPs significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd and Pb in roots by 49% and 81%, respectively. In shoots, Cd was reduced by 30%, and Pb elevated by 44%. Fe concentration in shoots was strongly affected by ZnONPs, and the total Zn in shoots was negatively correspond with the microbial population in the growth media. Exposure to ZnONPs alone increased the total Fe in shoots by 80% compared to controls, and the copresence of ZnONPs and heavy metals increased Fe concentration by about 77%. The results revealed the role of ENPs in governing the uptake and translocation of some essential elements and toxic heavy metals in plants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles reduced cadmium accumulation in lettuce roots by 49%.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)
Lactuca sativat0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ZnONPse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)”
e0“ZnONPs significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd and Pb in roots by 49% and 81%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles reduced lead accumulation in lettuce roots by 81%.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)Lactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ZnONPse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cd and Pbe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 81%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)”
e0“ZnONPs significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd and Pb in roots by 49% and 81%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles reduced cadmium in lettuce shoots by 30%.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)Lactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- ZnONPse1
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)”
e0“In shoots, Cd was reduced by 30%, and Pb elevated by 44%.”
e1“ZnONPs significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd and Pb in roots by 49% and 81%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles elevated lead in lettuce shoots by 44%.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)Lactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- ZnONPse1
- Outcome
- Pbe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)”
e0“In shoots, Cd was reduced by 30%, and Pb elevated by 44%.”
e1“ZnONPs significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd and Pb in roots by 49% and 81%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles alone increased total iron in lettuce shoots by 80% against controls.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)Lactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- ZnONPs alonee0
- Outcome
- total Fee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)”
e0“Exposure to ZnONPs alone increased the total Fe in shoots by 80% compared to controls”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles with heavy metals increased lettuce shoot iron concentration by about 77%.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)Lactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- copresence of ZnONPs and heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- Fe concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- about 77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)”
e0“the copresence of ZnONPs and heavy metals increased Fe concentration by about 77%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot zinc content was negatively associated with microbial population in the lettuce growth medium.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)Lactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- total Zn in shootse0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Qualifier
- microbial populatione0
- Setting
- growth mediae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia)”
e0“the total Zn in shoots was negatively correspond with the microbial population in the growth media.”
The same questions in other papers
zinc oxide nanoparticle · molecular: metabolites · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc oxide nanoparticle · nutrient: content · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
heavy metal · nutrient: content · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.