Abstract
Abstract Two field experiments were conducted during 2018 at Paskeville and Arthurton, South Australia, to identify effective herbicide options for the control of thiocarbamate-resistant rigid ryegrass in wheat. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance in both field populations (T1 and A18) of rigid ryegrass to triallate, prosulfocarb, trifluralin, and pyroxasulfone. T1 and A18 were 17.9- and 20-fold more resistant to triallate than susceptible SLR4. The level of resistance detected in T1 to prosulfocarb (5.9-fold) and pyroxasulfone (4-fold) was lower compared to A18, which displayed 12.1- and 7.8-fold resistance to both herbicides, respectively. Despite resistance, the mixture of two different preplant-incorporated (PPI) site-of-action herbicides improved rigid ryegrass control and wheat yield compared to a single PPI herbicide only. Prosulfocarb + triallate and prosulfocarb + S -metolachlor + triallate did not reduce rigid ryegrass seed set when compared to prosulfocarb applied alone at the higher rate (2,400 g ai ha –1 ). Pyroxasulfone + triallate PPI followed by glyphosate (1,880 g ai ha -1 ) as a weed seed set control treatment reduced rigid ryegrass seed production by 93% and 95% at both sites, respectively. These herbicides also significantly improved grain yield of wheat at Paskeville (22%) and Arthurton (38%) compared to the untreated.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
T1 rigid ryegrass was 17.9-fold more triallate-resistant than SLR4.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- T1e0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- resistant to triallatee0
- Direction
- more resistante0
- Value
- 17.9-e0
- Comparator
- susceptible SLR4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T1 and A18 were 17.9- and 20-fold more resistant to triallate than susceptible SLR4”
t0“rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A18 rigid ryegrass was 20-fold more triallate-resistant than SLR4.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- A18e0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- resistant to triallatee0
- Direction
- more resistante0
- Value
- 20-folde0
- Comparator
- susceptible SLR4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T1 and A18 were 17.9- and 20-fold more resistant to triallate than susceptible SLR4”
t0“rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 had 5.9-fold resistance to prosulfocarb, below A18.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- T1e0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- resistance detected in T1 to prosulfocarbe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 5.9-folde0
- Comparator
- A18e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resistance detected in T1 to prosulfocarb (5.9-fold) and pyroxasulfone (4-fold) was lower compared to A18”
t0“rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 had 4-fold resistance to pyroxasulfone, below A18.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- T1e0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- pyroxasulfonee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 4-folde0
- Comparator
- A18e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resistance detected in T1 to prosulfocarb (5.9-fold) and pyroxasulfone (4-fold) was lower compared to A18”
t0“rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A18 had 12.1-fold prosulfocarb resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- A18e0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- resistance to both herbicidese0
- Value
- 12.1-e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A18, which displayed 12.1- and 7.8-fold resistance to both herbicides, respectively”
e1“prosulfocarb (5.9-fold) and pyroxasulfone (4-fold)”
t0“rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A18 had 7.8-fold pyroxasulfone resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- A18e0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasst0weed
- Outcome
- resistance to both herbicidese0
- Value
- 7.8-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A18, which displayed 12.1- and 7.8-fold resistance to both herbicides, respectively”
e1“prosulfocarb (5.9-fold) and pyroxasulfone (4-fold)”
t0“rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two preplant-incorporated herbicides improved rigid ryegrass control over one.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- mixture of two different preplant-incorporated (PPI) site-of-action herbicidese0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- rigid ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- a single PPI herbicide onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mixture of two different preplant-incorporated (PPI) site-of-action herbicides improved rigid ryegrass control and wheat yield compared to a single PPI herbicide only”
Claim · model-written summary
Two preplant-incorporated herbicides improved wheat yield over one.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- mixture of two different preplant-incorporated (PPI) site-of-action herbicidese0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- a single PPI herbicide onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mixture of two different preplant-incorporated (PPI) site-of-action herbicides improved rigid ryegrass control and wheat yield compared to a single PPI herbicide only”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosulfocarb plus triallate did not reduce ryegrass seed set versus high-rate prosulfocarb alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Prosulfocarb + triallatee0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- rigid ryegrass seed sete0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
- Comparator
- prosulfocarb applied alone at the higher rate (2,400 g ai ha –1 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prosulfocarb + triallate and prosulfocarb + S -metolachlor + triallate did not reduce rigid ryegrass seed set when compared to prosulfocarb applied alone at the higher rate (2,400 g ai ha –1 )”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosulfocarb plus S-metolachlor plus triallate did not reduce ryegrass seed set versus high-rate prosulfocarb alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- prosulfocarb + S -metolachlor + triallatee0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- rigid ryegrass seed sete0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
- Comparator
- prosulfocarb applied alone at the higher rate (2,400 g ai ha –1 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prosulfocarb + triallate and prosulfocarb + S -metolachlor + triallate did not reduce rigid ryegrass seed set when compared to prosulfocarb applied alone at the higher rate (2,400 g ai ha –1 )”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone plus triallate followed by glyphosate reduced ryegrass seed production by 93% at Paskeville.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfone + triallate PPI followed by glyphosate (1,880 g ai ha -1 )e0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- rigid ryegrass seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 93%e0
- Setting
- Paskevillee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone + triallate PPI followed by glyphosate (1,880 g ai ha -1 ) as a weed seed set control treatment reduced rigid ryegrass seed production by 93% and 95% at both sites, respectively”
e1“at Paskeville and Arthurton, South Australia”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The same sequence reduced ryegrass seed production by 95% at Arthurton.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfone + triallate PPI followed by glyphosate (1,880 g ai ha -1 )e0
- Interactor
- rigid ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- rigid ryegrass seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Setting
- Arthurtone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone + triallate PPI followed by glyphosate (1,880 g ai ha -1 ) as a weed seed set control treatment reduced rigid ryegrass seed production by 93% and 95% at both sites, respectively”
e1“at Paskeville and Arthurton, South Australia”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides increased wheat grain yield 22% at Paskeville versus untreated.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- These herbicidese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- the untreatede0
- Setting
- Paskevillee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These herbicides also significantly improved grain yield of wheat at Paskeville (22%) and Arthurton (38%) compared to the untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides increased wheat grain yield 38% at Arthurton versus untreated.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- These herbicidese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Comparator
- the untreatede0
- Setting
- Arthurtone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These herbicides also significantly improved grain yield of wheat at Paskeville (22%) and Arthurton (38%) compared to the untreated”
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