Abstract
Abstract Better management of water and fertiliser is of critical importance for root systems development of rice, which is its first line of defence against water deficit and plays a key role in water and nutrient acquisition from soil. Two pot experiments were conducted to investigate the morphological response of root systems of rice under different doses and timings of N fertiliser application as well as cultivation methods subjected to alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation. The treatments for the first pot experiment included two lowland Thai rice varieties (Pathumthani 1 and RD57), five N application doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha −1 ) and three cultivation methods (dry direct seeding [DDS], wet direct seeding [WDS] and transplanting [TP]). In the second pot experiment, root systems response of the same rice varieties was evaluated under four timings of N application (one‐split: 100% at basal; two‐split: 75% at basal and 25% at active tillering; three‐split: 50% at basal, 25% at active tillering and 25% at panicle initiation; and four‐split: 25% at basal, 25% at active tillering, 25% at panicle initiation and 25% at early flowering or before heading) applied at 60 kg ha −1 using the same cultivation methods. In both experiments, plants were subjected to AWD irrigation in which soil water potential was fluctuated between saturated condition (but not flooding) and −5 kPa. Pathumthani 1 developed better root systems (longer roots and higher root length density [RLD]) than RD57 regardless of N doses and cultivation methods. DDS resulted in higher root number, root dry matter (RDM) and root to shoot ratio at 120 kg N ha −1 , whereas the same root traits were better at 90 kg N ha −1 under WDS. TP had better root systems development at 60 kg N ha −1 . N application in four splits maximised root growth with more in number and longer roots as well as higher RLD, RDM and root to shoot ratio regardless of varieties and cultivation methods. Both rice varieties were equally suitable for growing when established under DDS, WDS and TP subjected to AWD irrigation with better root systems development at 120, 90 and 60 kg N ha −1 , respectively. N application in four splits at 60 kg ha −1 enhanced root systems development. This study revealed that N fertiliser dose and application schedule may need to be adjusted depending on cultivation method when water‐saving irrigation technique is to be used in rice production system.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pathumthani 1 developed better root systems than RD57, with longer roots and higher root length density, regardless of N dose and cultivation method.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Pathumthani 1e1
- Outcome
- root systemse1
- Comparator
- RD57e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root systems development of rice”
e1“Pathumthani 1 developed better root systems (longer roots and higher root length density [RLD]) than RD57 regardless of N doses and cultivation methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry direct seeding gave higher root number, root dry matter and root to shoot ratio at 120 kg N per ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- DDSe2
- Outcome
- root number, root dry matter (RDM) and root to shoot ratioe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- 120 kg N ha -1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root systems development of rice”
e2“DDS resulted in higher root number, root dry matter (RDM) and root to shoot ratio at 120 kg N ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet direct seeding gave better root traits at 90 kg N per ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root systems development of rice”
e3“the same root traits were better at 90 kg N ha -1 under WDS”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting gave better root systems development at 60 kg N per ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- TPe4
- Outcome
- root systems developmente4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Qualifier
- 60 kg N ha -1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root systems development of rice”
e4“TP had better root systems development at 60 kg N ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
N application in four splits maximised root growth, with more and longer roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N application in four splitse5
- Outcome
- root growthe5
- Direction
- maximisede5
- Qualifier
- more in number and longer rootse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root systems development of rice”
e5“N application in four splits maximised root growth with more in number and longer roots”
Claim · model-written summary
N application in four splits gave higher root length density, root dry matter and root to shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N application in four splitse5
- Outcome
- RLD, RDM and root to shoot ratioe6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root systems development of rice”
e5“N application in four splits maximised root growth with more in number and longer roots”
e6“as well as higher RLD, RDM and root to shoot ratio regardless of varieties and cultivation methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Both rice varieties were equally suitable for growing under dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding and transplanting with AWD irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Both rice varietiese7
- Outcome
- suitable for growinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root systems development of rice”
e7“Both rice varieties were equally suitable for growing when established under DDS, WDS and TP subjected to AWD irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that N dose and application schedule may need adjusting with cultivation method when water-saving irrigation is used.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- N fertiliser dose and application schedulee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root systems development of rice”
e1“N fertiliser dose and application schedule may need to be adjusted depending on cultivation method”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
401 papers in the same direction as this paper · 101 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
507 papers more in this group
See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.