Abstract
BACKGROUND: With increasing pollution, herbicide application and interest in plant phenotyping, sensors capturing early responses to toxic stress are demanded for screening susceptible or resistant plant varieties. Standard toxicity tests on plants are laborious, demanding in terms of space and material, and the measurement of growth-inhibition based endpoints takes relatively long time. The aim of this work was to explore the potential of photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures for high-throughput early toxicity screening based on imaging techniques. The investigation of the universal potential of fluorescence imaging methods involved testing of three toxicants with different modes of action (DCMU, glyphosate and chromium). RESULTS: The increased pace of testing was achieved by using non-destructive imaging methods-multicolor fluorescence (MCF) and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF). These methods detected the negative effects of the toxicants earlier than it was reflected in plant growth inhibition (decrease in leaf area and final dry weight). Moreover, more subtle and transient effects not resulting in growth inhibition could be detected by fluorescence. The pace and sensitivity of stress detection was further enhanced by using photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures. These reacted sooner, more pronouncedly and to lower concentrations of the tested toxicants than the plants. Toxicant-specific stress signatures were observed as a combination of MCF and ChlF parameters and timing of the response. Principal component analysis was found to be useful for reduction of the collected multidimensional data sets to a few informative parameters allowing comparison of the toxicant signatures. CONCLUSIONS: Photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures have proved to be useful for rapid high-throughput screening of toxic stress and display a potential for employment as an alternative to tests on whole plants. The MCF and ChlF methods are capable of distinguishing early stress signatures of at least three different modes of action.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fluorescence imaging detected toxicant effects before plant growth inhibition.
Verbatim
e0“These methods detected the negative effects of the toxicants earlier than it was reflected in plant growth inhibition (decrease in leaf area and final dry weight).”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluorescence imaging detected subtle and transient effects without growth inhibition.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“more subtle and transient effects not resulting in growth inhibition could be detected by fluorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures reacted sooner than plants to toxicants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- reacted soonere0
- Direction
- soonere0
- Comparator
- plantse0
Verbatim
e0“These reacted sooner, more pronouncedly and to lower concentrations of the tested toxicants than the plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures reacted more strongly than plants to toxicants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- reactede0
- Direction
- more pronouncedlye0
- Comparator
- plantse0
Verbatim
e0“These reacted sooner, more pronouncedly and to lower concentrations of the tested toxicants than the plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures responded at lower toxicant concentrations than plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- reactede0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- plantse0
Verbatim
e0“These reacted sooner, more pronouncedly and to lower concentrations of the tested toxicants than the plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
MCF and ChlF response parameters and timing produced toxicant-specific signatures.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Toxicant-specific stress signatures were observed as a combination of MCF and ChlF parameters and timing of the response.”
Claim · model-written summary
Principal component analysis reduced multidimensional fluorescence data to informative parameters for comparing toxicant signatures.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Principal component analysis was found to be useful for reduction of the collected multidimensional data sets to a few informative parameters allowing comparison of the toxicant signatures.”
Claim · model-written summary
MCF and ChlF distinguished early stress signatures from three toxicant modes of action.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The MCF and ChlF methods are capable of distinguishing early stress signatures of at least three different modes of action.”