Abstract
Apple trees are extensively cultivated worldwide but are often affected by zinc (Zn) deficiency. Limited knowledge regarding Zn remobilization within fruit crops has hampered the development of efficient strategies for providing adequate amounts of Zn. In the present study, Zn distribution and remobilization were compared among apple trees cultivated under different Zn conditions. Without Zn application, plants showed visible symptoms of Zn deficiency at the shoot tips after 1 year but appeared to grow normally during the first 6 months (early stage of Zn deficiency). Compared with apple plants under sufficient Zn treatment, plants suffering from early-stage Zn deficiency showed preferential Zn distribution to young leaves and higher Zn levels in phloem, demonstrating that hidden Zn deficiency triggers a highly efficient remobilization of Zn in this species. The in vivo Zn-nicotianamine complex in phloem tissues, combined with the significant enhanced expression of MdNAS3 and MdYSL6, suggested a positive role for nicotianamine in the phloem remobilization of Zn. These results strongly suggest that a proportion of Zn in the old leaves of apple trees can be efficiently remobilized by phloem transport to the shoot tips, partially in the form of Zn-nicotianamine, thus protecting apple trees against the early stages of Zn deficiency.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Apple trees without zinc application showed shoot-tip zinc deficiency symptoms after one year.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Organ / stage
- shoot tipse0
- Treatment
- Without Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- visible symptoms of Zn deficiencye0
- Value
- 1 yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Without Zn application, plants showed visible symptoms of Zn deficiency at the shoot tips after 1 year”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple trees without zinc application appeared to grow normally during the first six months.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- grow normallye0
- Value
- 6 monthse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appeared to grow normally during the first 6 months”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Early zinc deficiency caused preferential zinc distribution to young apple leaves relative to sufficient zinc treatment.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Treatment
- early-stage Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- Zn distribution to young leavese0
- Direction
- preferentiale0
- Comparator
- sufficient Zn treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with apple plants under sufficient Zn treatment, plants suffering from early-stage Zn deficiency showed preferential Zn distribution to young leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Early zinc deficiency raised phloem zinc levels in apple plants relative to sufficient zinc treatment.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- phloeme0
- Treatment
- early-stage Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- Zn levels in phloeme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sufficient Zn treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with apple plants under sufficient Zn treatment, plants suffering from early-stage Zn deficiency showed preferential Zn distribution to young leaves and higher Zn levels in phloem”
Claim · model-written summary
A zinc-nicotianamine complex was detected in apple phloem tissues.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- phloem tissuese0
- Outcome
- Zn-nicotianamine complexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The in vivo Zn-nicotianamine complex in phloem tissues”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
MdNAS3 expression was enhanced in apple trees under zinc deficiency.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdNAS3e0
- Outcome
- expression of MdNAS3e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the significant enhanced expression of MdNAS3 and MdYSL6”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
MdYSL6 expression was enhanced in apple trees under zinc deficiency.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdYSL6e0
- Outcome
- expression of MdNAS3 and MdYSL6e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the significant enhanced expression of MdNAS3 and MdYSL6”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that zinc in old apple leaves is remobilized through phloem to shoot tips, partly as zinc-nicotianamine.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- old leavese0
- Outcome
- Zn in the old leaves of apple treese0
- Direction
- remobilizede0
- Qualifier
- partially in the form of Zn-nicotianaminee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a proportion of Zn in the old leaves of apple trees can be efficiently remobilized by phloem transport to the shoot tips, partially in the form of Zn-nicotianamine”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.