Abstract
BACKGROUND: The role of soil microorganisms in plant growth, nutrient utilization, drought tolerance as well as biocontrol activity cannot be over-emphasized, especially in this era when food crisis is a global challenge. This research was therefore designed to gain genomic insights into plant growth promoting (PGP) Rhizobium species capable of enhancing soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds germination under drought condition. RESULTS: Rhizobium sp. strain R1, Rhizobium tropici strain R2, Rhizobium cellulosilyticum strain R3, Rhizobium taibaishanense strain R4 and Ensifer meliloti strain R5 were found to possess the entire PGP traits tested. Specifically, these rhizobial strains were able to solubilize phosphate, produce exopolysaccharide (EPS), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), siderophore and indole-acetic-acid (IAA). These strains also survived and grew at a temperature of 45 °C and in an acidic condition with a pH 4. Consequently, all the Rhizobium strains enhanced the germination of soybean seeds (PAN 1532 R) under drought condition imposed by 4% poly-ethylene glycol (PEG); nevertheless, Rhizobium sp. strain R1 and R. cellulosilyticum strain R3 inoculations were able to improve seeds germination more than R2, R4 and R5 strains. Thus, genomic insights into Rhizobium sp. strain R1 and R. cellulosilyticum strain R3 revealed the presence of some genes with their respective proteins involved in symbiotic establishment, nitrogen fixation, drought tolerance and plant growth promotion. In particular, exoX, htrA, Nif, nodA, eptA, IAA and siderophore-producing genes were found in the two rhizobial strains. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the availability of the whole genome sequences of R1 and R3 strains may further be exploited to comprehend the interaction of drought tolerant rhizobia with soybean and other legumes and the PGP ability of these rhizobial strains can also be harnessed for biotechnological application in the field especially in semiarid and arid regions of the globe.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All five Rhizobium/Ensifer strains enhanced germination of soybean seeds (PAN 1532 R) under drought imposed by 4% PEG.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Material
- PAN 1532 Re1
- Treatment
- all the Rhizobium strainse1
- Outcome
- germination of soybean seedse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Qualifier
- drought condition imposed by 4% poly-ethylene glycol (PEG)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“all the Rhizobium strains enhanced the germination of soybean seeds (PAN 1532 R) under drought condition imposed by 4% poly-ethylene glycol (PEG)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium sp. strain R1 and R. cellulosilyticum strain R3 improved soybean seed germination more than strains R2, R4 and R5.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- Rhizobium sp. strain R1 and R. cellulosilyticum strain R3 inoculationse1
- Interactor
- Rhizobium sp. strain R1
Rhizobium sp.e1symbiont - Second interactor
- R. cellulosilyticum strain R3Aliirhizobium cellulosilyticume1symbiont
- Outcome
- seeds germinatione1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- R2, R4 and R5 strainse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rhizobium sp. strain R1 and R. cellulosilyticum strain R3 inoculations were able to improve seeds germination more than R2, R4 and R5 strains”
e2“enhanced the germination of soybean seeds (PAN 1532 R) under drought condition imposed by 4% poly-ethylene glycol (PEG)”
Claim · model-written summary
The five rhizobial strains were found to possess all the plant-growth-promoting traits tested.
- Taxon
- Rhizobium sp. strain R1, Rhizobium tropici strain R2, Rhizobium cellulosilyticum strain R3, Rhizobium taibaishanense strain R4 and Ensifer meliloti strain R5Rhizobium sp.e1
- Outcome
- the entire PGP traits testede1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rhizobium sp. strain R1, Rhizobium tropici strain R2, Rhizobium cellulosilyticum strain R3, Rhizobium taibaishanense strain R4 and Ensifer meliloti strain R5 were found to possess the entire PGP traits tested”
Claim · model-written summary
The rhizobial strains survived and grew at 45 degrees C and at pH 4.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e1“These strains also survived and grew at a temperature of 45 °C and in an acidic condition with a pH 4”
Claim · model-written summary
Genomes of Rhizobium sp. strain R1 and R. cellulosilyticum strain R3 contain genes involved in symbiotic establishment, nitrogen fixation, drought tolerance and plant growth promotion.
- Taxon
- Rhizobium sp. strain R1 and R. cellulosilyticum strain R3Rhizobium sp.e1
- Outcome
- presence of some genes with their respective proteins involved in symbiotic establishment, nitrogen fixation, drought tolerance and plant growth promotione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“genomic insights into Rhizobium sp. strain R1 and R. cellulosilyticum strain R3 revealed the presence of some genes with their respective proteins involved in symbiotic establishment, nitrogen fixation, drought tolerance and plant growth promotion”
Claim · model-written summary
The genes exoX, htrA, Nif, nodA, eptA, IAA and siderophore-producing genes were found in the two rhizobial strains.
- Taxon
- rhizobial strainse1
- Gene
- exoX, htrA, Nif, nodA, eptA, IAA and siderophore-producing genese1
- Outcome
- founde1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“exoX, htrA, Nif, nodA, eptA, IAA and siderophore-producing genes were found in the two rhizobial strains”
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