Abstract
Abstract Seeds enriched with zinc (Zn) are ususally associated with better germination, more vigorous seedlings and higher yields. However, agronomic benefits of high‐Zn seeds were not studied under diverse agro‐climatic field conditions. This study investigated effects of low‐Zn and high‐Zn seeds (biofortified by foliar Zn fertilization of maternal plants under field conditions) of wheat ( Tritcum aestivum L.), rice ( Oryza sativa L.), and common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on seedling density, grain yield and grain Zn concentration in 31 field locations over two years in six countries. Experimental treatments were: (1) low‐Zn seeds and no soil Zn fertilization (control treatment), (2) low‐Zn seeds + soil Zn fertilization, and (3) Zn‐biofortified seeds and no soil Zn fertilization. The wheat experiments were established in China, India, Pakistan, and Zambia, the rice experiments in China, India and Thailand, and the common bean experiment in Brazil. When compared to the control treatment, soil Zn fertilization increased wheat grain yield in all six locations in India, two locations in Pakistan and one location in China. Zinc‐biofortified seeds also increased wheat grain yield in all four locations in Pakistan and four locations in India compared to the control treatment. Across all countries over 2 years, Zn‐biofortified wheat seeds increased plant population by 26.8% and grain yield by 5.37%. In rice, soil Zn fertilization increased paddy yield in all four locations in India and one location in Thailand. Across all countries, paddy yield increase was 8.2% by soil Zn fertilization and 5.3% by Zn‐biofortified seeds when compared to the control treatment. In common bean, soil Zn application as well as Zn‐biofortified seed increased grain yield in one location in Brazil. Effects of soil Zn fertilization and high‐Zn seed on grain Zn density were generally low. This study, at 31 field locations in six countries over two years, revealed that the seeds biofortfied with Zn enhanced crop productivity at many locations with different soil and environmental conditions. As high‐Zn grains are a by‐product of Zn biofortification, use of Zn‐enriched grains as seed in the next cropping season can contribute to enhance crop productivity in a cost‐effective manner.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc increased wheat grain yield at sites in India, Pakistan and China.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- soil Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil Zn fertilization increased wheat grain yield in all six locations in India, two locations in Pakistan and one location in China.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc-biofortified seed increased wheat grain yield at sites in Pakistan and India.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zinc‐biofortified seedse0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
- Setting
- Pakistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc‐biofortified seeds also increased wheat grain yield in all four locations in Pakistan and four locations in India compared to the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofortified wheat seed increased plant population by 26.8%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zn‐biofortified wheat seedse0
- Outcome
- plant populatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn‐biofortified wheat seeds increased plant population by 26.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofortified wheat seed increased grain yield by 5.37%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zn‐biofortified wheat seedse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn‐biofortified wheat seeds increased plant population by 26.8% and grain yield by 5.37%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc increased rice paddy yield in India and Thailand.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- soil Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- paddy yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil Zn fertilization increased paddy yield in all four locations in India and one location in Thailand.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc increased paddy yield by 8.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- paddy yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 8.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paddy yield increase was 8.2% by soil Zn fertilization”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofortified seed increased paddy yield by 5.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Zn‐biofortified seedse0
- Outcome
- paddy yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 5.3%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paddy yield increase was 8.2% by soil Zn fertilization and 5.3% by Zn‐biofortified seeds when compared to the control treatment.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc increased common bean grain yield at one Brazilian site.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- soil Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Brazile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In common bean, soil Zn application as well as Zn‐biofortified seed increased grain yield in one location in Brazil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofortified seed increased common bean grain yield at one Brazilian site.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Zn‐biofortified seede0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Brazile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In common bean, soil Zn application as well as Zn‐biofortified seed increased grain yield in one location in Brazil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc and high-zinc seed had generally low effects on grain zinc density.
- Taxon
- wheat, rice, and common beanPhaseolus vulgarisOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain Zn densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of soil Zn fertilization and high‐Zn seed on grain Zn density were generally low.”
t0“wheat, rice, and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend zinc-enriched grain as seed for next-season productivity.
- Taxon
- wheat, rice, and common beanPhaseolus vulgarisOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- use of Zn‐enriched grains as seed in the next cropping seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use of Zn‐enriched grains as seed in the next cropping season can contribute to enhance crop productivity in a cost‐effective manner.”
t0“wheat, rice, and common bean”
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