Abstract
Lead is an important environmental pollutant, extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms. In the present study, possible ameliorating effects of salicylic acid (SA) were investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress. The elevation in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents and the decline in protein thiol (PT) level were revealed under lead stress. The SA pretreatment prevented a lead-induced decrease in chlorophyll and PT contents, as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels. Lead stressed plants which are pretreated with salicylic acid accumulated more ascorbic acid, glutathione and stimulated more antioxidant enzymes activity than plants treated with lead alone. In addition, SA pretreatment of seed enhanced l-cysteine desulfhydrase activity and endogenous hydrogen sulfide content. The results indicate that SA regulates the response of plants to lead stress and suggest hydrogen sulfide as a downstream signal molecule which might be involved in SA-induced lead tolerance.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid pretreatment prevented the lead-induced decrease in chlorophyll and protein thiol contents in maize.
- Treatment
- SA pretreatmente1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and PT contentse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- lead alonee2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress”
e1“The SA pretreatment prevented a lead-induced decrease in chlorophyll and PT contents, as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels”
e2“Lead stressed plants which are pretreated with salicylic acid accumulated more ascorbic acid, glutathione and stimulated more antioxidant enzymes activity than plants treated with lead alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid pretreatment prevented the lead-induced increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels in maize.
- Treatment
- SA pretreatmente1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levelse1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- lead alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress”
e1“The SA pretreatment prevented a lead-induced decrease in chlorophyll and PT contents, as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels”
e2“Lead stressed plants which are pretreated with salicylic acid accumulated more ascorbic acid, glutathione and stimulated more antioxidant enzymes activity than plants treated with lead alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid pretreatment led lead-stressed maize to accumulate more ascorbic acid and glutathione than lead alone.
- Treatment
- pretreated with salicylic acide2
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid, glutathionee2
- Direction
- accumulated moree2
- Comparator
- lead alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress”
e2“Lead stressed plants which are pretreated with salicylic acid accumulated more ascorbic acid, glutathione and stimulated more antioxidant enzymes activity than plants treated with lead alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid pretreatment stimulated more antioxidant enzyme activity in lead-stressed maize than lead alone.
- Treatment
- pretreated with salicylic acide2
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye2
- Direction
- stimulated moree2
- Comparator
- lead alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress”
e2“Lead stressed plants which are pretreated with salicylic acid accumulated more ascorbic acid, glutathione and stimulated more antioxidant enzymes activity than plants treated with lead alone”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment of seed enhanced endogenous hydrogen sulfide content in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress”
e3“In addition, SA pretreatment of seed enhanced l-cysteine desulfhydrase activity and endogenous hydrogen sulfide content”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment of seed enhanced l-cysteine desulfhydrase activity in maize.
- Treatment
- SA pretreatment of seede3
- Gene
- l-cysteine desulfhydrasee3
- Outcome
- l-cysteine desulfhydrase activitye3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress”
e3“In addition, SA pretreatment of seed enhanced l-cysteine desulfhydrase activity and endogenous hydrogen sulfide content”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide may be a downstream signal molecule involved in SA-induced lead tolerance in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress”
e4“The results indicate that SA regulates the response of plants to lead stress and suggest hydrogen sulfide as a downstream signal molecule which might be involved in SA-induced lead tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress elevated hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress”
e5“The elevation in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents and the decline in protein thiol (PT) level were revealed under lead stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress declined protein thiol level in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated at biochemical levels in maize exposed to lead stress”
e5“The elevation in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents and the decline in protein thiol (PT) level were revealed under lead stress”
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