Abstract
This study investigates the role of 1.5 mM silicon (Si) and 10 μM salicylic acid (SA) singly or in combination, in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG). Osmotic stress reduced shoot fresh and dry mass (SFM, SDM), shoot K+ uptake and leaf area (LA) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ion leakage (IL). Under osmotic stress, Si, SA and Si+SA, increased LA, SFM, SDM, relative water content, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, shoot K+ and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity. In all cases the effect of Si+SA was more pronounced. Moreover, Si, SA and Si+SA reduced MDA, H2O2, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydes, under osmotic stress. Meanwhile, under osmotic stress, Si or SA improved seedling performance by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity, but the better performance of the seedlings under osmotic stress treated with Si+SA was not associated with further enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activity. However, Si+SA treatment significantly increased non-enzymatic antioxidants, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and Si, K+, Ca2+ content in shoot and also PAL activity that might have contributed to higher tolerance of seedling to osmotic stress.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress reduced shoot fresh and dry mass of cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse6 - Treatment
- Osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry masse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e0“Osmotic stress reduced shoot fresh and dry mass (SFM, SDM), shoot K+ uptake and leaf area (LA) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ion leakage (IL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress reduced shoot K+ uptake and leaf area of cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- shoot K+ uptake and leaf areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e0“Osmotic stress reduced shoot fresh and dry mass (SFM, SDM), shoot K+ uptake and leaf area (LA) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ion leakage (IL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress increased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and ion leakage in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ion leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e0“Osmotic stress reduced shoot fresh and dry mass (SFM, SDM), shoot K+ uptake and leaf area (LA) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ion leakage (IL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased leaf area, shoot fresh and dry mass of cucumber seedlings under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- LA, SFM, SDMe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- Under osmotic stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e1“Under osmotic stress, Si, SA and Si+SA, increased LA, SFM, SDM, relative water content, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, shoot K+ and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased leaf area, shoot fresh and dry mass of cucumber seedlings under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- SAe1
- Outcome
- LA, SFM, SDMe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- Under osmotic stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e1“Under osmotic stress, Si, SA and Si+SA, increased LA, SFM, SDM, relative water content, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, shoot K+ and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon plus salicylic acid increased leaf area, shoot fresh and dry mass of cucumber seedlings under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si+SAe1
- Outcome
- LA, SFM, SDMe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- Under osmotic stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e1“Under osmotic stress, Si, SA and Si+SA, increased LA, SFM, SDM, relative water content, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, shoot K+ and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of Si+SA on cucumber seedlings under osmotic stress was more pronounced than that of the single treatments.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si+SAe2
- Outcome
- effecte2
- Direction
- more pronouncede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e2“In all cases the effect of Si+SA was more pronounced”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydes under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Sie3
- Outcome
- MDA, H2O2, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydese3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e3“Moreover, Si, SA and Si+SA reduced MDA, H2O2, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydes, under osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid reduced malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydes under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- SAe3
- Outcome
- MDA, H2O2, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydese3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e3“Moreover, Si, SA and Si+SA reduced MDA, H2O2, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydes, under osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon plus salicylic acid reduced malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydes under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si+SAe3
- Outcome
- MDA, H2O2, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydese3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e3“Moreover, Si, SA and Si+SA reduced MDA, H2O2, ion leakage, proline and other aldehydes, under osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved seedling performance of cucumber under osmotic stress by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Sie4
- Outcome
- seedling performancee4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Qualifier
- by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activitye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e4“Si or SA improved seedling performance by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid improved seedling performance of cucumber under osmotic stress by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- SAe4
- Outcome
- seedling performancee4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Qualifier
- by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activitye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e4“Si or SA improved seedling performance by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The better performance of Si+SA-treated seedlings under osmotic stress was not associated with further enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si+SAe5
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye5
- Direction
- not associated with further enhancemente5
- Comparator
- Si or SAe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e4“Si or SA improved seedling performance by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity”
e5“the better performance of the seedlings under osmotic stress treated with Si+SA was not associated with further enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon plus salicylic acid significantly increased non-enzymatic antioxidants in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si+SAe7
- Outcome
- non-enzymatic antioxidantse7
- Direction
- significantly increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e7“Si+SA treatment significantly increased non-enzymatic antioxidants, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and Si, K+, Ca2+ content in shoot and also PAL activity that might have contributed to higher tolerance of seedling to osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon plus salicylic acid significantly increased total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and flavonoids in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si+SAe7
- Outcome
- total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoidse7
- Direction
- significantly increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e7“Si+SA treatment significantly increased non-enzymatic antioxidants, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and Si, K+, Ca2+ content in shoot and also PAL activity that might have contributed to higher tolerance of seedling to osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon plus salicylic acid significantly increased Si, K+ and Ca2+ content in shoot.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si+SAe7
- Outcome
- Si, K+, Ca2+ content in shoote7
- Direction
- significantly increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e7“Si+SA treatment significantly increased non-enzymatic antioxidants, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and Si, K+, Ca2+ content in shoot and also PAL activity that might have contributed to higher tolerance of seedling to osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity might have contributed to higher osmotic stress tolerance of cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si+SAe7
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)e1
- Outcome
- higher tolerance of seedling to osmotic stresse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e1“Under osmotic stress, Si, SA and Si+SA, increased LA, SFM, SDM, relative water content, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, shoot K+ and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity”
e7“Si+SA treatment significantly increased non-enzymatic antioxidants, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and Si, K+, Ca2+ content in shoot and also PAL activity that might have contributed to higher tolerance of seedling to osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon, salicylic acid and Si+SA increased relative water content, total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins of cucumber seedlings under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si, SA and Si+SAe1
- Outcome
- relative water content, total phenolic compounds, anthocyaninse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e1“Under osmotic stress, Si, SA and Si+SA, increased LA, SFM, SDM, relative water content, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, shoot K+ and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon, salicylic acid and Si+SA increased flavonoids, shoot K+ and PAL activity of cucumber seedlings under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- Si, SA and Si+SAe1
- Outcome
- flavonoids, shoot K+ and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in inducing cucumber seedlings tolerance to osmotic stress (15% PEG)”
e1“Under osmotic stress, Si, SA and Si+SA, increased LA, SFM, SDM, relative water content, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, shoot K+ and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →silicon atom · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results differ
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →salicylic acid · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results differ
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →salicylic acid · physiology: oxidative · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results differ
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
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See all 29 papers →silicon atom · quality: phytochemicals · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →salicylic acid · molecular: metabolites · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →silicon atom · physiology: oxidative · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →salicylic acid · quality: phytochemicals · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.