Abstract
Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions and in areas of temperature extremes. Studies were conducted to determine the influence of N, temperature and plant genotype on dry matter (DM) production, N efficiency and partitioning of N into shoot N fractions. Six hybrids (three females x two males) were grown hydroponically in greenhouses and growth chambers under two N levels (40 or 200 mg N plant('-1)) and four daytime temperatures (growth chambers at 20/20, 25/20, 30/20, and 35/20 C day/night). ('15)N enriched nitrogen was used to observe the incorporation of N into shoot N fractions. Shoot N was fractionated into nonsoluble N (structural proteins and nucleic acids), soluble protein, and soluble nonprotein N (free amino acids and ammonium). In the greenhouse study, hybrids differed for fresh weight, shoot, root and total DM, N efficiency, DM and N partitioning. Hybrids correlated with their female parent for root and total DM, shoot/root ratios for DM and N, and total root N. Plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning, and shoot N fractions were influenced by temperature, N level and genotype. Plants developed faster at 30 and 35 C, but total DM was greatest at 25 C. Plants partitioned more N and DM to the shoots under high N and 30 and 35 C. The N concentration and percent of total shoot N in each fraction was influenced by temperature and N level. Hybrids with the highest DM and N use efficiency values had the lowest N concentration and percent total shoot N in the soluble nonprotein fraction. In the labeled N experiment, plants grown at 20 C had a slower uptake and incorporation rate of N into nonsoluble and soluble protein N than plants at all other temperatures. Levels of nonsoluble and soluble nonprotein N increased greatly by 2 days after addition of labeled N while soluble protein showed little increase until 4 days.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet hybrids differed in fresh weight, shoot and root dry matter in the greenhouse study.
- Taxon
- Pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse0 - Material
- hybridse1
- Outcome
- fresh weight, shoot, roote1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e1“In the greenhouse study, hybrids differed for fresh weight, shoot, root and total DM, N efficiency, DM and N partitioning”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet hybrids differed in total DM and N efficiency in the greenhouse study.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Material
- hybridse1
- Outcome
- total DM, N efficiencye1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e1“In the greenhouse study, hybrids differed for fresh weight, shoot, root and total DM, N efficiency, DM and N partitioning”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet hybrids differed in DM and N partitioning in the greenhouse study.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Material
- hybridse1
- Outcome
- DM and N partitioninge1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e1“In the greenhouse study, hybrids differed for fresh weight, shoot, root and total DM, N efficiency, DM and N partitioning”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet hybrid root and total DM correlated with those of their female parent.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Material
- Hybridse2
- Outcome
- root and total DMe2
- Comparator
- their female parente2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e2“Hybrids correlated with their female parent for root and total DM, shoot/root ratios for DM and N, and total root N”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet hybrid shoot/root ratios for DM and N and total root N correlated with those of their female parent.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Material
- Hybridse2
- Outcome
- shoot/root ratios for DM and N, and total root Ne2
- Comparator
- their female parente2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e2“Hybrids correlated with their female parent for root and total DM, shoot/root ratios for DM and N, and total root N”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature influenced pearl millet plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning and shoot N fractions.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- temperaturee3
- Outcome
- Plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning, and shoot N fractionse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e3“Plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning, and shoot N fractions were influenced by temperature, N level and genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
N level influenced pearl millet plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning and shoot N fractions.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- N levele3
- Outcome
- Plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning, and shoot N fractionse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e3“Plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning, and shoot N fractions were influenced by temperature, N level and genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype influenced pearl millet plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning and shoot N fractions.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Material
- genotypee3
- Outcome
- Plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning, and shoot N fractionse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e3“Plant growth, DM production, N and DM partitioning, and shoot N fractions were influenced by temperature, N level and genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet plants developed faster at 30 and 35 C.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- 30 and 35 Ce4
- Outcome
- Plants developede4
- Direction
- fastere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e4“Plants developed faster at 30 and 35 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet total DM was greatest at 25 C.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- 25 Ce5
- Outcome
- total DMe5
- Direction
- greateste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e5“total DM was greatest at 25 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high N, pearl millet plants partitioned more N and DM to the shoots.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- high Ne6
- Outcome
- N and DM to the shootse6
- Direction
- moree6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e6“Plants partitioned more N and DM to the shoots under high N and 30 and 35 C”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 and 35 C, pearl millet plants partitioned more N and DM to the shoots.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- 30 and 35 Ce6
- Outcome
- N and DM to the shootse6
- Direction
- moree6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e6“Plants partitioned more N and DM to the shoots under high N and 30 and 35 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature influenced the N concentration and percent of total shoot N in each fraction of pearl millet.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- temperaturee7
- Outcome
- The N concentration and percent of total shoot N in each fractione7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e7“The N concentration and percent of total shoot N in each fraction was influenced by temperature and N level”
Claim · model-written summary
N level influenced the N concentration and percent of total shoot N in each fraction of pearl millet.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- N levele7
- Outcome
- The N concentration and percent of total shoot N in each fractione7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e7“The N concentration and percent of total shoot N in each fraction was influenced by temperature and N level”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet hybrids with the highest DM and N use efficiency had the lowest N concentration and percent total shoot N in the soluble nonprotein fraction.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Material
- Hybrids with the highest DM and N use efficiency valuese1
- Outcome
- N concentration and percent total shoot N in the soluble nonprotein fractione1
- Direction
- loweste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e1“Hybrids with the highest DM and N use efficiency values had the lowest N concentration and percent total shoot N in the soluble nonprotein fraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet plants grown at 20 C had slower N uptake and incorporation into nonsoluble and soluble protein N than plants at all other temperatures.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- 20 Ce1
- Outcome
- uptake and incorporation rate of N into nonsoluble and soluble protein Ne1
- Direction
- slowere1
- Comparator
- plants at all other temperaturese1
- Setting
- labeled N experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e1“In the labeled N experiment, plants grown at 20 C had a slower uptake and incorporation rate of N into nonsoluble and soluble protein N than plants at all other temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of labeled N increased nonsoluble and soluble nonprotein N in pearl millet greatly by 2 days.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- addition of labeled Ne1
- Outcome
- Levels of nonsoluble and soluble nonprotein Ne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- by 2 dayse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e1“Levels of nonsoluble and soluble nonprotein N increased greatly by 2 days after addition of labeled N”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein of pearl millet showed little increase after addition of labeled N until 4 days.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- addition of labeled Ne1
- Outcome
- soluble proteine2
- Direction
- little increasee2
- Qualifier
- until 4 dayse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pearl millet is grown under variable soil nitrogen (N) fertility conditions”
e1“Levels of nonsoluble and soluble nonprotein N increased greatly by 2 days after addition of labeled N”
e2“while soluble protein showed little increase until 4 days”