Abstract
The objective of this research were to determine the effects of foliar fertilization (20% N: 20% P 2 O 5 : 20% K 2 O) at different growth stages on yield and nutrient contents of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and to reveal proper application time and frequency in Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions. The field experiment was conducted according to randomized plot design with four replications with a seeding rate of 500 seed per m 2 on the plots having a size of 5.0 m length and 4.0 m width. Foliar applications of the fertilizer at 1%rate were done at tillering (T), stem elongation (S), heading (H) stages of wheat and the combinations of these stages (T+S, T+H, S+H and T+S+H). Wheat yield values varied between the lowest 1.32 t/ha in the control and the highest 2.14 t/ha in the foliar fertilization done at tillering and steam elongation stages (T+S). According to control treatment, increases in grain yields by the foliar fertilization done at the different growth stages were determined as follows; T+S (61.7%) > T+H (47.4%) > T+S+H (41.8%) > S+H (41.6%) > T (38.5%) > S (19.1%) > H (16.6%). There was no significant difference among the macronutrient contents in grain obtained by the foliar fertilization at the different growth stages. N, P and K contents in the grain were close the values cited in the literatures. Ca and Mg contents deficiency in grain were determined due to the acidic soil pH condition of Kostanai-Kazakhstan. Nitrogen, P, K and Ca uptakes by grain, except Mg, generally increased with the all application of foliar fertilization. When the foliar fertilization was done at T+S stages, the highest macro nutrient uptakes by grain in wheat were generally obtained. This research indicated that the first foliar fertilization should be applied at the tillering stage and the best foliar fertilization management for high grain yield and nutrient uptake should be done two times at the combination of tillering and stem elongation stages.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Tillering plus stem-elongation foliar fertilizer produced the highest yield, 2.14 t/ha, versus 1.32 t/ha in control.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- foliar fertilization done at tillering and steam elongation stages (T+S)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.14 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1.32 t/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yield values varied between the lowest 1.32 t/ha in the control and the highest 2.14 t/ha in the foliar fertilization done at tillering and steam elongation stages (T+S).”
Claim · model-written summary
T+S raised grain yield by 61.7% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T+Se0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 61.7%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to control treatment, increases in grain yields by the foliar fertilization done at the different growth stages were determined as follows; T+S (61.7%) > T+H (47.4%) > T+S+H (41.8%) > S+H (41.6%) > T (38.5%) > S (19.1%) > H (16.6%).”
t0“wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
T+H raised grain yield by 47.4% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T+He0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 47.4%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to control treatment, increases in grain yields by the foliar fertilization done at the different growth stages were determined as follows; T+S (61.7%) > T+H (47.4%) > T+S+H (41.8%) > S+H (41.6%) > T (38.5%) > S (19.1%) > H (16.6%).”
t0“wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
T+S+H raised grain yield by 41.8% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T+S+He0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 41.8%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to control treatment, increases in grain yields by the foliar fertilization done at the different growth stages were determined as follows; T+S (61.7%) > T+H (47.4%) > T+S+H (41.8%) > S+H (41.6%) > T (38.5%) > S (19.1%) > H (16.6%).”
t0“wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
S+H raised grain yield by 41.6% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- S+He0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 41.6%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to control treatment, increases in grain yields by the foliar fertilization done at the different growth stages were determined as follows; T+S (61.7%) > T+H (47.4%) > T+S+H (41.8%) > S+H (41.6%) > T (38.5%) > S (19.1%) > H (16.6%).”
t0“wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
T raised grain yield by 38.5% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Te0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 38.5%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to control treatment, increases in grain yields by the foliar fertilization done at the different growth stages were determined as follows; T+S (61.7%) > T+H (47.4%) > T+S+H (41.8%) > S+H (41.6%) > T (38.5%) > S (19.1%) > H (16.6%).”
t0“wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
S raised grain yield by 19.1% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Se0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 19.1%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to control treatment, increases in grain yields by the foliar fertilization done at the different growth stages were determined as follows; T+S (61.7%) > T+H (47.4%) > T+S+H (41.8%) > S+H (41.6%) > T (38.5%) > S (19.1%) > H (16.6%).”
t0“wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
H raised grain yield by 16.6% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- He0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 16.6%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to control treatment, increases in grain yields by the foliar fertilization done at the different growth stages were determined as follows; T+S (61.7%) > T+H (47.4%) > T+S+H (41.8%) > S+H (41.6%) > T (38.5%) > S (19.1%) > H (16.6%).”
t0“wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain macronutrient contents did not differ significantly across foliar application timings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilization at the different growth stagese0
- Outcome
- macronutrient contents in graine0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference among the macronutrient contents in grain obtained by the foliar fertilization at the different growth stages.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N, P and K contents were close to literature values.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- N, P and K contents in the graine0
- Comparator
- values cited in the literaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P and K contents in the grain were close the values cited in the literatures.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Ca and Mg were deficient in the acidic Kostanai soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Ca and Mg contents deficiency in graine0
- Setting
- Kostanai-Kazakhstane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca and Mg contents deficiency in grain were determined due to the acidic soil pH condition of Kostanai-Kazakhstan.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer generally increased grain N, P, K and Ca uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen, P, K and Ca uptakes by graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen, P, K and Ca uptakes by grain, except Mg, generally increased with the all application of foliar fertilization.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillering plus stem-elongation fertilizer generally gave the greatest grain macronutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilization was done at T+S stagese0
- Outcome
- macro nutrient uptakes by graine0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the foliar fertilization was done at T+S stages, the highest macro nutrient uptakes by grain in wheat were generally obtained.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend initial fertilizer at tillering and two applications at tillering and stem elongation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- best foliar fertilization managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the first foliar fertilization should be applied at the tillering stage and the best foliar fertilization management for high grain yield and nutrient uptake should be done two times at the combination of tillering and stem elongation stages.”
t0“wheat”
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