Abstract
Abstract Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a serious problem for rice crop productivity in acidic soils worldwide. The present work was conducted to look out for the alteration in ROS homeostasis; metabolic fingerprint; and morphology in two contrasting Indica rice cultivars of North East India (NE India) to Al toxicity. Al stress led to excess accumulation of ROS (H 2 O 2 and O 2 − ), and this in turn induced ROS mediated cellular damage, as indicated by lipid peroxidation both qualitatively as well as quantitatively. This excessive ROS production also led to significant reduction in chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. This was followed by the loss of photosynthetic efficiency as detected by chlorophyll fluorescence. This excessive damage due to ROS prompted us to check the anti-oxidative machinery. Antioxidants, especially enzymes (SOD, APX, POX, GR, CAT, DHAR, MDHAR) are very important players in maintenance of ROS homeostasis. In tolerant variety Disang, higher activity of these enzymes and vice versa in sensitive variety, was observed in response to Al treatment. The non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, ascorbate and glutathione) also showed similar trend. Though the tolerant variety showed strong anti-oxidative machinery, it was unable to completely nullify the stress experienced by the seedlings. Organic acids are also important players in detoxification of Al stress through efflux in the rhizosphere. In tolerant genotype, citrate exudate was found to be more when compared to sensitive genotypes on exposure to high dose of Al. This is supported by higher abundance of FRDL4, a citrate transporter. Not only FRDL4, other stakeholders for Al stress response like ART1 and ALS1 depicted prominent transcript abundance in the tolerant variety. In conclusion, through this study detailed physiological and metabolic characterisation of two contrasting Indica rice varieties Disang and Joymati, native to NE India for Al tolerance was performed for the very first time.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Al stress caused excess ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- Indica rice
Oryza sativa Indica Groupe7 - Treatment
- Al stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of ROS (H 2 O 2 and O 2 − )e0
- Direction
- excesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al stress led to excess accumulation of ROS (H 2 O 2 and O 2 − )”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Al-induced ROS was associated with cellular damage indicated by lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe7
- Outcome
- cellular damagee0
- Qualifier
- ROS mediatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this in turn induced ROS mediated cellular damage, as indicated by lipid peroxidation both qualitatively as well as quantitatively”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess ROS significantly reduced chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe7
- Treatment
- excessive ROS productione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This excessive ROS production also led to significant reduction in chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance.”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess ROS was followed by loss of photosynthetic efficiency.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe7
- Treatment
- Thise0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was followed by the loss of photosynthetic efficiency as detected by chlorophyll fluorescence.”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Al treatment, antioxidant enzyme activity was higher in tolerant Disang and lower in the sensitive variety.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe7
- Material
- Disange0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- activity of these enzymese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sensitive varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tolerant variety Disang, higher activity of these enzymes and vice versa in sensitive variety, was observed in response to Al treatment.”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonenzymatic antioxidants showed a similar contrasting trend.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe7
- Outcome
- non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, ascorbate and glutathione)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, ascorbate and glutathione) also showed similar trend.”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant variety remained stressed despite strong antioxidant machinery.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe7
- Material
- tolerant varietye0
- Outcome
- stress experienced by the seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Though the tolerant variety showed strong anti-oxidative machinery, it was unable to completely nullify the stress experienced by the seedlings.”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high Al exposure, the tolerant genotype exuded more citrate than sensitive genotypes.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe7
- Material
- tolerant genotypee0
- Treatment
- high dose of Ale0
- Outcome
- citrate exudatee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- sensitive genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tolerant genotype, citrate exudate was found to be more when compared to sensitive genotypes on exposure to high dose of Al.”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
FRDL4 abundance was higher in the tolerant genotype.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe7
- Gene
- FRDL4e0
- Outcome
- abundance of FRDL4e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is supported by higher abundance of FRDL4, a citrate transporter.”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
ART1 and ALS1 showed prominent transcript abundance in the tolerant variety.
- Taxon
- Indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe7
- Material
- tolerant varietye0
- Gene
- ART1 and ALS1e0
- Outcome
- transcript abundancee0
- Direction
- prominente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other stakeholders for Al stress response like ART1 and ALS1 depicted prominent transcript abundance in the tolerant variety.”
e7“two contrasting Indica rice cultivars”
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