Abstract
Heracleum mantegazzianum is an invasive plant species with enormous effect on ecosystems and human health. Mechanical weed management often results in large amounts of biomass. Fermentation in biogas plants can be used for disposal of this biomass contaminated with seeds and for energetic utilization, if spreading of viable seeds with fermentation residues is prevented. Our aim is to quantify the risk of seed survival in mesophilic biogas plants. Seeds were harvested at three ripening stages in central Germany. They were incubated for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 days at 35 and 42 °C in water baths. Thereafter, seed viability was assessed by a tetrazolium test. Furthermore, germinative capacity of seeds which had passed an incubation of 48 h at 35 °C were tested. After eight days in water bath none of the 1199 tested seeds were viable anymore. The time until half of the seeds died (ED50) ranged from 9 to 65 h, whereby high temperature accelerated the mortality. Germinative capacity was similar to the seed survival rate. The results suggest that fermentation of H. mantegazzianum biomass poses only a low risk of viable seed spread, if the operating temperature of the biogas plant achieves 42 °C and a high retention time is ensured.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
No tested seeds remained viable after eight days in water bath.
- Taxon
- Heracleum mantegazzianum
Heracleum mantegazzianumt0 - Treatment
- eight days in water bathe0
- Outcome
- seeds were viablee0
- Direction
- nonee0
- Value
- 1199 tested seedse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After eight days in water bath none of the 1199 tested seeds were viable anymore”
t0“Heracleum mantegazzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
The time until half of the seeds died ranged from 9 to 65 h.
- Taxon
- Heracleum mantegazzianumHeracleum mantegazzianumt0
- Outcome
- time until half of the seeds diede0
- Value
- 9 to 65 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The time until half of the seeds died (ED50) ranged from 9 to 65 h”
t0“Heracleum mantegazzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature accelerated seed mortality.
- Taxon
- Heracleum mantegazzianumHeracleum mantegazzianumt0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperature accelerated the mortality”
t0“Heracleum mantegazzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinative capacity was similar to the seed survival rate.
- Taxon
- Heracleum mantegazzianumHeracleum mantegazzianumt0
- Outcome
- Germinative capacitye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- seed survival ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germinative capacity was similar to the seed survival rate”
t0“Heracleum mantegazzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentation at 42 °C with high retention time was judged to pose low viable-seed spread risk.
- Taxon
- H. mantegazzianumHeracleum mantegazzianume0
- Outcome
- low risk of viable seed spreade0
- Qualifier
- 42 °C and a high retention timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fermentation of H. mantegazzianum biomass poses only a low risk of viable seed spread, if the operating temperature of the biogas plant achieves 42 °C and a high retention time is ensured”