Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of liquid pig manure (LPM) on the nutrient uptake, yield of onion and soil properties. The LPM applied to onion field contained 4.2 g kg?¹ N, 0.34 g kg?¹ P, 1.2 g kg?¹ K and it was diluted with water by 1:2 for top-dressing, which was applied separately 4 or 6 times from February to April. The LPM application rate for basal fertilization was 19,280 kg ha?¹ which included 80 kg N, 6.6 kg P, and 22 kg K. The application rate for top-dressing was 101,910 kg ha?¹ which included 160 kg N, 13 kg P, and 53 kg K. The plant height was not almost different among treatments until 136 days after planting. Thereafter, it enlarged abruptly until 186 days, on May 4. The significant difference among CF and LPM ＋ top-dressing by CF or LPM I was not shown, but no fertilizer and LPM only (it was applied totally as basal fertilization) made plant height of onion lessen at the maximum growth stage because of insufficient nutrients. The plant diameter increased after 136 days, and there was a significant difference between CF or LPM and no fertilizer from 186 days after planting. The leaf weight was similar tendency to plant height while bulb weight was similar to plant diameter. The amount of nutrient uptake in leaf coincided with leaf growth and the nutrient uptake in bulb swelled simultaneously with bulb growth. The difference between CF and LPM ＋ top-dressing by CF or LPM I was not significant in nutrient uptake of onion leaf and bulb. But LPM only decreased in nitrogen and potassium of leaf and in nitrogen of bulb. And no fertilizer made a remarkable difference to others in nitrogen, potassium and magnesium of leaf and bulb. The utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in LPM ＋ top-dressing by CF were 23.5％, 13.2％ respectively, more than the others. The LPM ＋ top-dressing by LPM I was most available with potassium, and it leaded the most abundant marketable yield by 55.0 t ha?¹ as well. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in bulb were inclined to decrease with progress of onion growth. The nitrogen contents in leaf maximized at the initial growth stage while potassium contents increased at the initial bulbing stage. The LPM application increased pH, nitrate nitrogen, potassium and EC in soil more than chemical fertilizer (CF) did.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
No fertilizer made onion plant height decrease at the maximum growth stage through insufficient nutrients.
- Taxon
- Onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- no fertilizere1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- lessene1
- Qualifier
- because of insufficient nutrientse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e1“but no fertilizer and LPM only (it was applied totally as basal fertilization) made plant height of onion lessen at the maximum growth stage because of insufficient nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
LPM only made onion plant height decrease at the maximum growth stage through insufficient nutrients.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- LPM onlye1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- lessene1
- Qualifier
- because of insufficient nutrientse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e1“but no fertilizer and LPM only (it was applied totally as basal fertilization) made plant height of onion lessen at the maximum growth stage because of insufficient nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
CF or LPM significantly increased onion plant diameter compared with no fertilizer from 186 days after planting.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- CF or LPMe2
- Outcome
- plant diametere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- from 186 days after plantinge2
- Comparator
- no fertilizere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e2“The plant diameter increased after 136 days, and there was a significant difference between CF or LPM and no fertilizer from 186 days after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
LPM only decreased nitrogen and potassium of onion leaf and nitrogen of bulb.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- LPM onlye3
- Outcome
- nitrogen and potassium of leaf and in nitrogen of bulbe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e3“But LPM only decreased in nitrogen and potassium of leaf and in nitrogen of bulb”
Claim · model-written summary
No fertilizer made a remarkable difference to the others in nitrogen, potassium and magnesium of onion leaf and bulb.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- no fertilizere4
- Outcome
- nitrogen, potassium and magnesium of leaf and bulbe4
- Direction
- remarkable differencee4
- Comparator
- otherse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e4“And no fertilizer made a remarkable difference to others in nitrogen, potassium and magnesium of leaf and bulb”
Claim · model-written summary
LPM ＋ top-dressing by CF gave higher nitrogen utilization in onion, 23.5％, than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- LPM ＋ top-dressing by CFe5
- Outcome
- utilization of nitrogene5
- Direction
- more thane5
- Value
- 23.5％e5
- Comparator
- the otherse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e5“The utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in LPM ＋ top-dressing by CF were 23.5％, 13.2％ respectively, more than the others”
Claim · model-written summary
LPM ＋ top-dressing by CF gave higher phosphorus utilization in onion, 13.2％, than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- LPM ＋ top-dressing by CFe5
- Outcome
- phosphoruse5
- Direction
- more thane5
- Value
- 13.2％e5
- Comparator
- the otherse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e5“The utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in LPM ＋ top-dressing by CF were 23.5％, 13.2％ respectively, more than the others”
Claim · model-written summary
LPM ＋ top-dressing by LPM I was most available with potassium in onion.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- LPM ＋ top-dressing by LPM Ie6
- Outcome
- potassiume6
- Direction
- most availablee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e6“The LPM ＋ top-dressing by LPM I was most available with potassium, and it leaded the most abundant marketable yield by 55.0 t ha?¹ as well”
Claim · model-written summary
LPM ＋ top-dressing by LPM I gave the most abundant marketable onion yield, 55.0 t/ha.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- LPM ＋ top-dressing by LPM Ie6
- Outcome
- marketable yielde6
- Direction
- most abundante6
- Value
- 55.0 t ha?¹e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e6“The LPM ＋ top-dressing by LPM I was most available with potassium, and it leaded the most abundant marketable yield by 55.0 t ha?¹ as well”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in onion bulb tended to decrease as onion growth progressed.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae7
- Organ / stage
- bulbe7
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in bulbe7
- Direction
- inclined to decreasee7
- Qualifier
- with progress of onion growthe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e7“The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in bulb were inclined to decrease with progress of onion growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen content in onion leaf was maximal at the initial growth stage.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Organ / stage
- initial growth stagee1
- Outcome
- nitrogen contents in leafe1
- Direction
- maximizede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e1“The nitrogen contents in leaf maximized at the initial growth stage while potassium contents increased at the initial bulbing stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium content in onion increased at the initial bulbing stage.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Organ / stage
- initial bulbing stagee1
- Outcome
- potassium contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e1“The nitrogen contents in leaf maximized at the initial growth stage while potassium contents increased at the initial bulbing stage”
Claim · model-written summary
LPM application increased soil pH, nitrate nitrogen and potassium more than chemical fertilizer did.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- LPM applicatione1
- Outcome
- pH, nitrate nitrogen, potassiume1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer (CF)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e1“The LPM application increased pH, nitrate nitrogen, potassium and EC in soil more than chemical fertilizer (CF) did”
Claim · model-written summary
LPM application increased soil EC more than chemical fertilizer did.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- LPM applicatione1
- Outcome
- ECe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizer (CF)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e1“The LPM application increased pH, nitrate nitrogen, potassium and EC in soil more than chemical fertilizer (CF) did”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion plant height was not almost different among treatments until 136 days after planting.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- not almost differente0
- Qualifier
- until 136 days after plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e0“The plant height was not almost different among treatments until 136 days after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion plant height enlarged abruptly from 136 days until 186 days after planting.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- enlarged abruptlye1
- Qualifier
- until 186 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e0“The plant height was not almost different among treatments until 136 days after planting”
e1“Thereafter, it enlarged abruptly until 186 days, on May 4”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion leaf weight followed a similar trend to plant height, and bulb weight to plant diameter.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- leaf weighte0
- Direction
- similar tendencye0
- Qualifier
- bulb weight was similar to plant diametere0
- Comparator
- plant heighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e0“The leaf weight was similar tendency to plant height while bulb weight was similar to plant diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient uptake in onion leaf coincided with leaf growth, and nutrient uptake in bulb swelled with bulb growth.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake in leafe0
- Direction
- coincided with leaf growthe0
- Qualifier
- nutrient uptake in bulb swelled simultaneously with bulb growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e0“The amount of nutrient uptake in leaf coincided with leaf growth and the nutrient uptake in bulb swelled simultaneously with bulb growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient uptake of onion leaf and bulb did not differ significantly between CF and LPM ＋ top-dressing.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- CFe0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake of onion leaf and bulbe0
- Direction
- not significante0
- Comparator
- LPM ＋ top-dressing by CF or LPM Ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth, Nutrient Uptake of Onion, and Chemical Properties in Soil”
e0“The difference between CF and LPM ＋ top-dressing by CF or LPM I was not significant in nutrient uptake of onion leaf and bulb”
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