Abstract
Soil pollutants may affect root growth through interactions among phytohormones like auxin and jasmonates. Rice is frequently grown in paddy fields contaminated by cadmium and arsenic, but the effects of these pollutants on jasmonates/auxin crosstalk during adventitious and lateral roots formation are widely unknown. Therefore, seedlings of Oryza sativa cv. Nihonmasari and of the jasmonate-biosynthetic mutant coleoptile photomorphogenesis2 were exposed to cadmium and/or arsenic, and/or jasmonic acid methyl ester, and then analysed through morphological, histochemical, biochemical and molecular approaches. In both genotypes, arsenic and cadmium accumulated in roots more than shoots. In the roots, arsenic levels were more than twice higher than cadmium levels, either when arsenic was applied alone, or combined with cadmium. Pollutants reduced lateral root density in the wild -type in every treatment condition, but jasmonic acid methyl ester increased it when combined with each pollutant. Interestingly, exposure to cadmium and/or arsenic did not change lateral root density in the mutant. The transcript levels of OsASA2 and OsYUCCA2, auxin biosynthetic genes, increased in the wild-type and mutant roots when pollutants and jasmonic acid methyl ester were applied alone. Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) levels transiently increased in the roots with cadmium and/or arsenic in the wild-type more than in the mutant. Arsenic and cadmium, when applied alone, induced fluctuations in bioactive jasmonate contents in wild-type roots, but not in the mutant. Auxin distribution was evaluated in roots of OsDR5::GUS seedlings exposed or not to jasmonic acid methyl ester added or not with cadmium and/or arsenic. The DR5::GUS signal in lateral roots was reduced by arsenic, cadmium, and jasmonic acid methyl ester. Lipid peroxidation, evaluated as malondialdehyde levels, was higher in the mutant than in the wild-type, and increased particularly in As presence, in both genotypes. Altogether, the results show that an auxin/jasmonate interaction affects rice root system development in the presence of cadmium and/or arsenic, even if exogenous jasmonic acid methyl ester only slightly mitigates pollutants toxicity.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic accumulated more in roots than shoots in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- arsenic and cadmium accumulatede0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both genotypes, arsenic and cadmium accumulated in roots more than shoots.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Root arsenic levels were over twice root cadmium levels.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- arsenic levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- more than twicee0
- Comparator
- cadmium levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the roots, arsenic levels were more than twice higher than cadmium levels, either when arsenic was applied alone, or combined with cadmium.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollutants reduced wild-type lateral root density.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- wild -typee0
- Treatment
- Pollutantse0
- Outcome
- lateral root densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pollutants reduced lateral root density in the wild -type in every treatment condition, but jasmonic acid methyl ester increased it when combined with each pollutant.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate increased lateral root density when combined with either pollutant.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- jasmonic acid methyl estere0
- Outcome
- lateral root densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- combined with each pollutante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pollutants reduced lateral root density in the wild -type in every treatment condition, but jasmonic acid methyl ester increased it when combined with each pollutant.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium or arsenic exposure did not change mutant lateral root density.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- mutante0
- Treatment
- cadmium and/or arsenice0
- Outcome
- lateral root densitye0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to cadmium and/or arsenic did not change lateral root density in the mutant.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollutants and methyl jasmonate each increased OsASA2 and OsYUCCA2 transcripts in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pollutants and jasmonic acid methyl estere0
- Gene
- OsASA2 and OsYUCCA2e0
- Outcome
- transcript levels of OsASA2 and OsYUCCA2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transcript levels of OsASA2 and OsYUCCA2, auxin biosynthetic genes, increased in the wild-type and mutant roots when pollutants and jasmonic acid methyl ester were applied alone.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium or arsenic transiently raised root auxin levels more in wild type than mutant.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- cadmium and/or arsenice0
- Outcome
- Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- mutante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) levels transiently increased in the roots with cadmium and/or arsenic in the wild-type more than in the mutant.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic alone induced fluctuations in wild-type root bioactive jasmonates.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Arsenice0
- Outcome
- bioactive jasmonate contentse0
- Comparator
- mutante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arsenic and cadmium, when applied alone, induced fluctuations in bioactive jasmonate contents in wild-type roots, but not in the mutant.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium alone induced fluctuations in wild-type root bioactive jasmonates.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- cadmiume0
- Outcome
- bioactive jasmonate contentse0
- Comparator
- mutante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arsenic and cadmium, when applied alone, induced fluctuations in bioactive jasmonate contents in wild-type roots, but not in the mutant.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic reduced the lateral-root DR5::GUS signal.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- arsenice0
- Outcome
- DR5::GUS signale0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DR5::GUS signal in lateral roots was reduced by arsenic, cadmium, and jasmonic acid methyl ester.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced the lateral-root DR5::GUS signal.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cadmiume0
- Outcome
- DR5::GUS signale0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DR5::GUS signal in lateral roots was reduced by arsenic, cadmium, and jasmonic acid methyl ester.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate reduced the lateral-root DR5::GUS signal.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- jasmonic acid methyl estere0
- Outcome
- DR5::GUS signale0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DR5::GUS signal in lateral roots was reduced by arsenic, cadmium, and jasmonic acid methyl ester.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation was higher in the mutant than wild type.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- mutante0
- Outcome
- Lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lipid peroxidation, evaluated as malondialdehyde levels, was higher in the mutant than in the wild-type, and increased particularly in As presence, in both genotypes.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic particularly increased lipid peroxidation in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Ase0
- Outcome
- Lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lipid peroxidation, evaluated as malondialdehyde levels, was higher in the mutant than in the wild-type, and increased particularly in As presence, in both genotypes.”
t0“Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure”
The same questions in other papers
jasmonic acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →methyl ester · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.