Abstract
Abstract Effective POST herbicides and herbicide mixtures are key components of integrated weed management in corn; however, herbicides vary in their efficacy based on application timing. Six field experiments were conducted over 2 yr (2017–2018) in southwestern Ontario, Canada, to determine the effects of herbicide application timing and rate on the efficacy of tolpyralate, a new 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor. Tolpyralate at 15, 30, or 40 g ai ha −1 in combination with atrazine at 500 or 1,000 g ai ha −1 was applied PRE, early POST, mid-POST, or late POST. Tolpyralate + atrazine at rates ≥30 + 1,000 g ha −1 provided equivalent control of common lambsquarters and Powell amaranth applied PRE or POST, whereas no rate applied PRE controlled common ragweed, velvetleaf, barnyardgrass, or green foxtail. Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and Powell amaranth were controlled equally regardless of POST timing. In contrast, control of barnyardgrass and green foxtail declined when herbicide application was delayed to the late-POST timing, irrespective of herbicide rate. Similarly, corn grain yield declined within each tolpyralate + atrazine rate when herbicide applications were delayed to late-POST timing. Overall, the results of this study indicate that several monocot and dicot weed species can be controlled with tolpyralate + atrazine with an early to mid-POST herbicide application timing, before weeds reach 30 cm in height, and Powell amaranth and common lambsquarters can also be controlled PRE. Additionally, this study provides further evidence highlighting the importance of effective, early-season weed control in corn.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PRE and POST applications of tolpyralate plus atrazine at the specified rate equally controlled common lambsquarters and Powell amaranth.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Tolpyralate + atrazine at rates ≥30 + 1,000 g ha −1e0
- Interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0weed - Second interactor
- Powell amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- equivalent control of common lambsquarters and Powell amaranthe0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- PRE or POSTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tolpyralate + atrazine at rates ≥30 + 1,000 g ha −1 provided equivalent control of common lambsquarters and Powell amaranth applied PRE or POST”
t0“weed management in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
No PRE rate controlled common ragweed, velvetleaf, barnyardgrass or green foxtail.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- applied PREe0
- Interactor
- common ragweed
Ambrosia artemisiifoliae0weed - Second interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Outcome
- no rate applied PRE controlled common ragweed, velvetleaf, barnyardgrass, or green foxtaile0
- Qualifier
- barnyardgrass, or green foxtaile0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas no rate applied PRE controlled common ragweed, velvetleaf, barnyardgrass, or green foxtail.”
t0“weed management in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
POST timing equally controlled common ragweed, common lambsquarters and velvetleaf.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- POST timinge0
- Interactor
- Common ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliae0weed
- Second interactor
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, velvetleafe0
- Direction
- equallye0
- Qualifier
- Powell amaranthe0
- Comparator
- regardless of POST timinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and Powell amaranth were controlled equally regardless of POST timing.”
t0“weed management in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
POST timing equally controlled Powell amaranth.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- POST timinge0
- Interactor
- Powell amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Powell amaranth were controlled equallye0
- Direction
- equallye0
- Comparator
- regardless of POST timinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and Powell amaranth were controlled equally regardless of POST timing.”
t0“weed management in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying application to late POST reduced barnyardgrass and green foxtail control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- late-POST timinge0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Second interactor
- green foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- control of barnyardgrass and green foxtaile0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control of barnyardgrass and green foxtail declined when herbicide application was delayed to the late-POST timing, irrespective of herbicide rate.”
t0“weed management in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn grain yield declined when tolpyralate plus atrazine was delayed to late POST.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- late-POST timinge0
- Outcome
- corn grain yielde0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn grain yield declined within each tolpyralate + atrazine rate when herbicide applications were delayed to late-POST timing.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend early to mid POST application before weeds reach 30 cm.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- early to mid-POST herbicide application timinge0
- Qualifier
- before weeds reach 30 cm in heighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several monocot and dicot weed species can be controlled with tolpyralate + atrazine with an early to mid-POST herbicide application timing, before weeds reach 30 cm in height”
t0“weed management in corn”
The same questions in other papers
atrazine · Chenopodium album · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →tolpyralate · Chenopodium album · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.