Abstract
Abstract The wheat Pm3 resistance gene against the powdery mildew pathogen occurs as an allelic series encoding functionally different immune receptors which induce resistance upon recognition of isolate-specific avirulence (AVR) effectors from the pathogen. Here, we describe the identification of five effector proteins from the mildew pathogens of wheat, rye, and the wild grass Dactylis glomerata , specifically recognized by the PM3B, PM3C and PM3D receptors. Together with the earlier identified AVRPM3 A2/F2 , the recognized AVRs of PM3B/C, (AVRPM3 B2/C2 ), and PM3D (AVRPM3 D3 ) belong to a large group of proteins with low sequence homology but predicted structural similarities. AvrPm3 b2/c2 and AvrPm3 d3 are conserved in all tested isolates of wheat and rye mildew, and non-host infection assays demonstrate that Pm3b , Pm3c , and Pm3d are also restricting the growth of rye mildew on wheat. Furthermore, divergent AVR homologues from non-adapted rye and Dactylis mildews are recognized by PM3B, PM3C, or PM3D, demonstrating their involvement in host specificity.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Five effector proteins from wheat, rye and Dactylis glomerata mildews are specifically recognized by PM3B, PM3C and PM3D receptors.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Interactor
- mildew pathogense1pathogen
- Gene
- PM3B, PM3C and PM3De1
- Outcome
- specifically recognizede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the mildew pathogens of wheat, rye, and the wild grass Dactylis glomerata , specifically recognized by the PM3B, PM3C and PM3D receptors”
Claim · model-written summary
AvrPm3 b2/c2 and AvrPm3 d3 effectors are conserved in all tested isolates of wheat and rye mildew.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- wheat and rye mildewe1pathogen
- Gene
- AvrPm3 b2/c2e1
- Outcome
- conserved in all tested isolatese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AvrPm3 b2/c2 and AvrPm3 d3 are conserved in all tested isolates of wheat and rye mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Pm3b, Pm3c and Pm3d restrict the growth of rye mildew on wheat in non-host infection assays.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- rye mildewe1pathogen
- Gene
- Pm3b , Pm3c , and Pm3de1
- Outcome
- growth of rye mildewe1
- Direction
- restrictinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“non-host infection assays demonstrate that Pm3b , Pm3c , and Pm3d are also restricting the growth of rye mildew on wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Divergent AVR homologues from non-adapted rye and Dactylis mildews are recognized by PM3B, PM3C or PM3D.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Interactor
- rye and Dactylis mildewse1pathogen
- Gene
- divergent AVR homologuese1
- Outcome
- recognized by PM3B, PM3C, or PM3De1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“divergent AVR homologues from non-adapted rye and Dactylis mildews are recognized by PM3B, PM3C, or PM3D, demonstrating their involvement in host specificity”
t1“cereal mildews on wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Divergent AVR homologues from non-adapted rye and Dactylis mildews are involved in host specificity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Interactor
- rye and Dactylis mildewse1pathogen
- Gene
- divergent AVR homologuese1
- Outcome
- host specificitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“divergent AVR homologues from non-adapted rye and Dactylis mildews are recognized by PM3B, PM3C, or PM3D, demonstrating their involvement in host specificity”
t1“cereal mildews on wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The recognized AVRs of PM3B/C and PM3D belong to a large group of proteins with low sequence homology but predicted structural similarities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Gene
- AVRPM3 B2/C2e1
- Outcome
- predicted structural similaritiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the recognized AVRs of PM3B/C, (AVRPM3 B2/C2 ), and PM3D (AVRPM3 D3 ) belong to a large group of proteins with low sequence homology but predicted structural similarities”
t1“cereal mildews on wheat”