Abstract
Dicamba (3,6-dichloro- o -anisic acid), 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) were applied as simulated spray drift to sugarbeets at several growth stages. When applied at early growth stages 2,4-D tended to decrease root yield but decreased purity and extractable sucrose content by as much as 54% when applied at later growth stages. Dicamba at 0.14 kg ae/ha and 2,4-D at 0.28 kg ae/ha decreased extractable sucrose/ha and tended to decrease root yield at harvest while picloram at 0.028 kg ae/ha did not significantly reduce root yield or sucrose content at harvest compared to the control. All rates of 2,4-D from 0.035 to 0.28 kg ae/ha increased sucrose losses during post-harvest storage at 5 C and 95% relative humidity. Dicamba and picloram at 0.14 and 0.028 kg ae/ha, respectively, caused similar storage losses. Sugarbeets that are inadvertently exposed to 2,4-D, dicamba, or picloram spray drift during the growing season should be processed immediately after harvest.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Early 2,4-D application tended to lower root yield.
- Taxon
- Sugarbeet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Organ / stage
- early growth stagese0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied at early growth stages 2,4-D tended to decrease root yield but decreased purity and extractable sucrose content by as much as 54% when applied at later growth stages.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
Late 2,4-D application reduced purity by as much as 54%.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- later growth stagese0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- puritye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- as much as 54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied at early growth stages 2,4-D tended to decrease root yield but decreased purity and extractable sucrose content by as much as 54% when applied at later growth stages.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
Late 2,4-D application reduced extractable sucrose content by as much as 54%.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- later growth stagese0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- extractable sucrose contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- as much as 54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied at early growth stages 2,4-D tended to decrease root yield but decreased purity and extractable sucrose content by as much as 54% when applied at later growth stages.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba reduced extractable sucrose per hectare.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Dicamba at 0.14 kg ae/hae0
- Outcome
- extractable sucrose/hae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba at 0.14 kg ae/ha and 2,4-D at 0.28 kg ae/ha decreased extractable sucrose/ha and tended to decrease root yield at harvest while picloram at 0.028 kg ae/ha did not significantly reduce root yield or sucrose content at harvest compared to the control.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D reduced extractable sucrose per hectare.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D at 0.28 kg ae/hae0
- Outcome
- extractable sucrose/hae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba at 0.14 kg ae/ha and 2,4-D at 0.28 kg ae/ha decreased extractable sucrose/ha and tended to decrease root yield at harvest while picloram at 0.028 kg ae/ha did not significantly reduce root yield or sucrose content at harvest compared to the control.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba tended to reduce harvest root yield.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Dicamba at 0.14 kg ae/hae0
- Outcome
- root yield at harveste0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba at 0.14 kg ae/ha and 2,4-D at 0.28 kg ae/ha decreased extractable sucrose/ha and tended to decrease root yield at harvest while picloram at 0.028 kg ae/ha did not significantly reduce root yield or sucrose content at harvest compared to the control.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D tended to reduce harvest root yield.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D at 0.28 kg ae/hae0
- Outcome
- root yield at harveste0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba at 0.14 kg ae/ha and 2,4-D at 0.28 kg ae/ha decreased extractable sucrose/ha and tended to decrease root yield at harvest while picloram at 0.028 kg ae/ha did not significantly reduce root yield or sucrose content at harvest compared to the control.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
Picloram did not significantly reduce harvest root yield relative to control.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- picloram at 0.028 kg ae/hae0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“picloram at 0.028 kg ae/ha did not significantly reduce root yield or sucrose content at harvest compared to the control”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
Picloram did not significantly reduce harvest sucrose content relative to control.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- picloram at 0.028 kg ae/hae0
- Outcome
- sucrose contente0
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“picloram at 0.028 kg ae/ha did not significantly reduce root yield or sucrose content at harvest compared to the control”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested 2,4-D rates increased sucrose losses in storage.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D from 0.035 to 0.28 kg ae/hae0
- Outcome
- sucrose lossese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- post-harvest storage at 5 C and 95% relative humiditye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All rates of 2,4-D from 0.035 to 0.28 kg ae/ha increased sucrose losses during post-harvest storage at 5 C and 95% relative humidity.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba caused comparable storage losses.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Dicambae0
- Outcome
- storage lossese0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba and picloram at 0.14 and 0.028 kg ae/ha, respectively, caused similar storage losses.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
Picloram caused comparable storage losses.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- piclorame0
- Outcome
- storage lossese0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba and picloram at 0.14 and 0.028 kg ae/ha, respectively, caused similar storage losses.”
t0“Sugarbeet”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend immediate processing after inadvertent herbicide drift exposure.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- processed immediately after harveste0
- Qualifier
- inadvertently exposed to 2,4-D, dicamba, or picloram spray drift during the growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarbeets that are inadvertently exposed to 2,4-D, dicamba, or picloram spray drift during the growing season should be processed immediately after harvest.”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · yield · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
2,4-D · molecular: metabolites · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.