Abstract
A greenhouse field experiment involving tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) was performed using different nitrogen (N) management regimes: sole application of differing rates of chemical N fertilizer (SC) (SC treatments: N0, N1, N2, and N3) and combined application of manure and chemical N fertilizer (MC) (MC treatments: MN0, MN1, MN2, and MN3). These were used to understand the relationship between comprehensive fruit composition, yield, and N fractions (soil mineral N; soil soluble organic N; soil microbial biomass N, and soil fixed ammonium) under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the MC treatments significantly increased vitamin C and soluble sugar content compared with SC treatments. In addition, the MN2 treatment produced a high yield and had a positive effect on fruit composition. The N3 (563 kg N/ha) and MN3 (796 kg N/ha) treatments resulted in a high loss of N below the root zone (0–30 cm), consequently reducing N use efficiency. Soil mineral N, soil soluble organic N, and soil fixed ammonium tended to be higher during the first fruiting period, whereas soil microbial biomass N tended to be higher during the second fruiting period. MC treatments significantly increased the N fraction in the 0- to 30-cm soil layer; N fractions tended to be higher with the MN2 treatment. According to an optimum regression equation, soil fixed ammonium during the first fruiting period and soil microbial biomass N during the second fruiting period had a more significant influence on tomato yield and fruit composition. Overall, application MC at an appropriate rate (MN2: 608 kg N/ha) is a promising approach to achieving high yields and optimum taste, and it offers a more sustainable fertilizer management strategy compared with chemical N fertilization.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Manure plus chemical N increased vitamin C and soluble sugar content versus chemical N alone.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- MC treatmentse0
- Outcome
- vitamin C and soluble sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- SC treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MC treatments significantly increased vitamin C and soluble sugar content compared with SC treatments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MN2 produced high yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MN2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MN2 treatment produced a high yield and had a positive effect on fruit composition.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MN2 positively affected fruit composition.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MN2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit compositione0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MN2 treatment produced a high yield and had a positive effect on fruit composition.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 and MN3 caused high nitrogen loss below the root zone.
- Treatment
- N3 (563 kg N/ha) and MN3 (796 kg N/ha) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- loss of N below the root zonee0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- 0–30 cme0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The N3 (563 kg N/ha) and MN3 (796 kg N/ha) treatments resulted in a high loss of N below the root zone (0–30 cm), consequently reducing N use efficiency.”
Claim · model-written summary
N3 and MN3 reduced nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- N3 (563 kg N/ha) and MN3 (796 kg N/ha) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N3 (563 kg N/ha) and MN3 (796 kg N/ha) treatments resulted in a high loss of N below the root zone (0–30 cm), consequently reducing N use efficiency.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil mineral, soluble organic and fixed ammonium N tended to be higher in first fruiting.
- Organ / stage
- first fruiting periode0
- Outcome
- Soil mineral N, soil soluble organic N, and soil fixed ammoniume0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil mineral N, soil soluble organic N, and soil fixed ammonium tended to be higher during the first fruiting period”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial biomass N tended to be higher in second fruiting.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“soil microbial biomass N tended to be higher during the second fruiting period.”
Claim · model-written summary
MC significantly increased nitrogen fractions in the 0–30 cm soil layer.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“MC treatments significantly increased the N fraction in the 0- to 30-cm soil layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fractions tended to be higher with MN2.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“N fractions tended to be higher with the MN2 treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
First-fruiting fixed ammonium and second-fruiting microbial biomass N had a more significant influence on tomato yield and fruit composition.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Compound
- soil fixed ammoniume0
- Outcome
- yield and fruit compositione0
- Setting
- first fruiting period and soil microbial biomass N during the second fruiting periode0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil fixed ammonium during the first fruiting period and soil microbial biomass N during the second fruiting period had a more significant influence on tomato yield and fruit composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate-rate MC at MN2 is recommended for high yield and optimum taste.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- application MC at an appropriate rate (MN2: 608 kg N/ha)e0
- Outcome
- high yields and optimum tastee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application MC at an appropriate rate (MN2: 608 kg N/ha) is a promising approach to achieving high yields and optimum taste”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · nutrient: efficiency · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.