Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) has severely curtailed banana production in the tropical regions of the world. The tropical race 4 (TR4) of Foc was first detected in Australia in the late 1990s and it is virulent to all Cavendish type banana cultivars which represents the majority of banana production in Australia. Genetic resistance to Foc race 4 is urgently needed. To identify resistance, we have characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses with plants grown under controlled settings. Amongst diploid banana cultivars carrying the AA genome, resistance is found in Musa acuminata sub-species including malaccensis (Pahang) and burmannica (Calcutta4). In the polyploid group, the hybrids such as FHIA-18 and FHIA-25 are highly resistant against both Foc-TR4 and subtropical race 4 (Foc-STR4). Interestingly, FHIA-2 and CAM020 appear to be resistant to Foc-TR4 but susceptible to Foc-STR4, suggesting potential differences in the resistance mechanisms against the different race 4 strains. Using a GFP tagged Foc-STR4 strain challenged onto Malaccensis lines of both resistant and susceptible types, a high inoculum dosage rapidly induced vascular wilt in the susceptible Malaccensis lines at 2.5 weeks. This was associated with an accumulation of micro-conidia in the rhizome and the movement of the fungus through the pseudostem. In contrast, the fungal movement was restrained in the rhizome of the resistant Malaccensis and no sporulation was observed. Overall, this research suggests that the resistance response is dependent to an extent on inoculum dosage and that the plant host’s response, in the rhizome, plays an important role in inhibiting the fungus from spreading to the rest of the plant. Identifying race 4 resistant accessions can help to understand mechanisms of resistance and provide banana breeders with the genetic resources to integrate resistance genes into commercial varieties.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to Foc race 4 is found in Musa acuminata subspecies malaccensis (Pahang) and burmannica (Calcutta4) among diploid AA cultivars.
- Taxon
- Musa acuminata
Musa acuminatae1 - Material
- malaccensis (Pahang) and burmannica (Calcutta4)e1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubensee0pathogen - Outcome
- resistancee1
- Setting
- glass and shade housese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) has severely curtailed banana production in the tropical regions of the world”
e1“Amongst diploid banana cultivars carrying the AA genome, resistance is found in Musa acuminata sub-species including malaccensis (Pahang) and burmannica (Calcutta4)”
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
Claim · model-written summary
The polyploid hybrids FHIA-18 and FHIA-25 are highly resistant to both Foc-TR4 and Foc-STR4.
- Material
- FHIA-18 and FHIA-25e3
- Interactor
- Foc-TR4
_(38100977215).jpg?width=60)
Fusarium odoratissimume3pathogen - Second interactor
- Foc-STR4e3pathogen
- Outcome
- resistante3
- Qualifier
- highlye3
- Setting
- glass and shade housese2
MusaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(38100977215).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e3“the hybrids such as FHIA-18 and FHIA-25 are highly resistant against both Foc-TR4 and subtropical race 4 (Foc-STR4)”
Claim · model-written summary
FHIA-2 and CAM020 appear to be resistant to Foc-TR4.
- Material
- FHIA-2 and CAM020e4
- Interactor
- Foc-TR4Fusarium odoratissimume4pathogen
- Outcome
- resistante4
- Qualifier
- appear to bee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e4“FHIA-2 and CAM020 appear to be resistant to Foc-TR4 but susceptible to Foc-STR4”
Claim · model-written summary
FHIA-2 and CAM020 appear to be susceptible to Foc-STR4.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e4“FHIA-2 and CAM020 appear to be resistant to Foc-TR4 but susceptible to Foc-STR4”
Claim · model-written summary
The contrasting responses suggest potential differences in resistance mechanisms between the two race 4 strains.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e5“suggesting potential differences in the resistance mechanisms against the different race 4 strains”
Claim · model-written summary
A high inoculum dosage of GFP-tagged Foc-STR4 rapidly induced vascular wilt in susceptible Malaccensis lines at 2.5 weeks.
- Material
- susceptible Malaccensis linese6
- Treatment
- high inoculum dosagee6
- Interactor
- Foc-STR4e6pathogen
- Outcome
- vascular wilte6
- Direction
- inducede6
- Value
- 2.5 weekse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e6“Using a GFP tagged Foc-STR4 strain challenged onto Malaccensis lines of both resistant and susceptible types, a high inoculum dosage rapidly induced vascular wilt in the susceptible Malaccensis lines at 2.5 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Vascular wilt in susceptible Malaccensis lines was associated with an accumulation of micro-conidia in the rhizome.
- Organ / stage
- rhizomee7
- Interactor
- Foc-STR4e6pathogen
- Outcome
- accumulation of micro-conidiae7
- Direction
- accumulatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e6“Using a GFP tagged Foc-STR4 strain challenged onto Malaccensis lines of both resistant and susceptible types, a high inoculum dosage rapidly induced vascular wilt in the susceptible Malaccensis lines at 2.5 weeks”
e7“This was associated with an accumulation of micro-conidia in the rhizome and the movement of the fungus through the pseudostem”
Claim · model-written summary
The Foc-STR4 fungus moved through the pseudostem of susceptible Malaccensis lines.
- Organ / stage
- pseudosteme7
- Interactor
- Foc-STR4e6pathogen
- Outcome
- movement of the fungus through the pseudosteme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e6“Using a GFP tagged Foc-STR4 strain challenged onto Malaccensis lines of both resistant and susceptible types, a high inoculum dosage rapidly induced vascular wilt in the susceptible Malaccensis lines at 2.5 weeks”
e7“This was associated with an accumulation of micro-conidia in the rhizome and the movement of the fungus through the pseudostem”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal movement was restrained in the rhizome of resistant Malaccensis.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e3“In contrast, the fungal movement was restrained in the rhizome of the resistant Malaccensis and no sporulation was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
No sporulation was observed in resistant Malaccensis.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e3“In contrast, the fungal movement was restrained in the rhizome of the resistant Malaccensis and no sporulation was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
The resistance response is dependent to an extent on inoculum dosage.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e3“the resistance response is dependent to an extent on inoculum dosage”
Claim · model-written summary
The host response in the rhizome plays an important role in inhibiting the fungus from spreading to the rest of the plant.
- Organ / stage
- rhizomee3
- Interactor
- funguse3pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibiting the fungus from spreading to the rest of the plante3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e3“in the rhizome, plays an important role in inhibiting the fungus from spreading to the rest of the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Identifying race 4 resistant accessions provides banana breeders with genetic resources.
- Outcome
- genetic resourcese3
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“characterised the Foc resistance response of 34 Musa cultivars in glass and shade houses”
e3“Identifying race 4 resistant accessions can help to understand mechanisms of resistance and provide banana breeders with the genetic resources to integrate resistance genes into commercial varieties”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · MusaPositive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
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See all 37 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.