Abstract
Abstract Growth of Rhododendron L. ‘Hershey's Red’ (azalea), Magnolia grandiflora L. (magnolia), Ilex × meserveae S.Y. Hu. ‘Blue Princess’ (holly), Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. (pittosporum), Gardenia jasminoides Ellis ‘August Beauty’ (gardenia), and Nerium oleander L. (oleander) were evaluated for 8 months in 3.8 liter (#1) containers treated with (+) or without (−) copper hydroxide (Cu) and with (+) or without (−) a styrene lining. Plants were then repotted into 10.3 liter (#3) untreated containers to determine treatment effects on root regeneration and shoot growth. In addition, azalea, gardenia, and holly were planted in the ground to evaluate root regeneration and shoot growth during landscape establishment. All species tested had less root growth at the substrate-container interface at the end of the first growing season when grown in Cu-treated containers. Other growth parameters measured (height, trunk diameter, growth index) varied among species in response to Cu treatment. One growing season (11 months) after repotting into 10.3 liter (#3) containers, all species had less surface root coverage when the original 3.8 liter (#1) container was Cu-treated. Dry weights of newly generated roots outside the original rootball of repotted or transplanted plants were not affected by Cu or styrene treatment, except for a lower root dry weight of holly when previously grown in +Cu containers. After repotting into larger containers, shoot growth in response to Cu was species-dependent. Transplanted azaleas had a lower growth index after transplanting from +Cu containers than from −Cu containers. Growth index of gardenia was increased after repotting into 10.3 liter (#3) containers from 3.8 liter (#1), styrene-lined containers; surface root coverage 5 months after repotting also was increased when plants were previously grown in styrene-lined containers. Oleander, holly, and magnolia previously grown for 8 months in 3.8 liter (#1), styrene-lined containers without Cu all had more surface root coverage after being grown for 11 months in 10.3 liter (#3) containers compared to plants grown in unlined containers.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All woody landscape plants tested had less root growth at the substrate-container interface when grown in Cu-treated containers.
- Taxon
- Six Woody Landscape Plantst0
- Treatment
- Cu-treated containerse1
- Outcome
- root growth at the substrate-container interfacee1
- Direction
- lesse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Six Woody Landscape Plants”
e1“All species tested had less root growth at the substrate-container interface at the end of the first growing season when grown in Cu-treated containers”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu treatment changed height, trunk diameter and growth index differently among woody landscape plant species.
- Taxon
- Six Woody Landscape Plantst0
- Treatment
- Cu treatmente2
- Outcome
- height, trunk diameter, growth indexe2
- Direction
- variede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Six Woody Landscape Plants”
e2“Other growth parameters measured (height, trunk diameter, growth index) varied among species in response to Cu treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Woody landscape plants had less surface root coverage after repotting when the original 3.8 liter container was Cu-treated.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Six Woody Landscape Plants”
e3“One growing season (11 months) after repotting into 10.3 liter (#3) containers, all species had less surface root coverage when the original 3.8 liter (#1) container was Cu-treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weights of newly generated roots were not affected by Cu or styrene treatment.
- Taxon
- Six Woody Landscape Plantst0
- Treatment
- Cu or styrene treatmente4
- Outcome
- Dry weights of newly generated rootse4
- Direction
- not affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Six Woody Landscape Plants”
e4“Dry weights of newly generated roots outside the original rootball of repotted or transplanted plants were not affected by Cu or styrene treatment, except for a lower root dry weight of holly when previously grown in +Cu containers”
Claim · model-written summary
Holly had a lower root dry weight when previously grown in +Cu containers.
- Taxon
- Ilex × meserveae
Ilex ×meserveaee0 - Material
- hollye4
- Treatment
- +Cu containerse4
- Outcome
- root dry weighte4
- Direction
- lowere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ilex × meserveae S.Y. Hu. ‘Blue Princess’ (holly)”
e4“Dry weights of newly generated roots outside the original rootball of repotted or transplanted plants were not affected by Cu or styrene treatment, except for a lower root dry weight of holly when previously grown in +Cu containers”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot growth in response to Cu was species-dependent after repotting into larger containers.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Six Woody Landscape Plants”
e5“After repotting into larger containers, shoot growth in response to Cu was species-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted azaleas had a lower growth index after transplanting from +Cu containers than from −Cu containers.
- Taxon
- Rhododendron
Rhododendrone0 - Material
- azalease6
- Treatment
- transplanting from +Cu containerse6
- Outcome
- growth indexe6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- −Cu containerse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhododendron L. ‘Hershey's Red’ (azalea)”
e6“Transplanted azaleas had a lower growth index after transplanting from +Cu containers than from −Cu containers”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth index of gardenia increased after repotting from styrene-lined containers.
- Taxon
- Gardenia jasminoides
Gardenia jasminoidese0 - Material
- gardeniae7
- Treatment
- styrene-lined containerse7
- Outcome
- Growth indexe7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gardenia jasminoides Ellis ‘August Beauty’ (gardenia)”
e7“Growth index of gardenia was increased after repotting into 10.3 liter (#3) containers from 3.8 liter (#1), styrene-lined containers”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface root coverage 5 months after repotting increased when plants were previously grown in styrene-lined containers.
- Taxon
- Six Woody Landscape Plantst0
- Treatment
- styrene-lined containerse2
- Outcome
- surface root coveragee2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Six Woody Landscape Plants”
e2“surface root coverage 5 months after repotting also was increased when plants were previously grown in styrene-lined containers”
Claim · model-written summary
Oleander, holly and magnolia previously grown in styrene-lined containers without Cu had more surface root coverage than plants grown in unlined containers.
Verbatim
t0“Six Woody Landscape Plants”
e2“Oleander, holly, and magnolia previously grown for 8 months in 3.8 liter (#1), styrene-lined containers without Cu all had more surface root coverage after being grown for 11 months in 10.3 liter (#3) containers compared to plants grown in unlined containers”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · RhododendronResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.