Paper · 2019 · Plant Science Today

Assessment of eco-diversity status of Homalomena aromatica (Spreng.) Schott and its habitat in tropical forest of Indian Eastern Himalaya

Khumukcham Ronald; Padma Raj Gajurel; Binay Singh

16
claims
27
verbatim quotes
5
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Homalomena aromatica (Spreng.) Schott is one of the economically important plant species occurring in the North east and Eastern Himalayan region of India which received least attention in its ecological and conservation studies. The current study has been undertaken in the north eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh. The population, phytosociological status of its habitat, regeneration and species association of H. aromatica were worked out using standard ecological methods. Out of the 15 selected forest sites for survey, H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites. A total of 288 species representing 99 families are documented from the selected sites where Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, Araceae, Dipterocarpaceae and Poaceae are found dominant in all the 9 sites. Species diversity index (H?) of all the three habits i.e. the tree, shrub, and herb were found highest in Happy Valley site followed by Ganga Lake. A total of 219 individuals of H. aromatica recorded which were found confined within the altitudinal ranges of 350m-450m asl. The IVI (1.95 to 9.64) and Frequency % (5 to 12.5) range of H. aromatica found significantly low at all the survey sites. Pearson’s correlation analysis reveals that there is a positive relationship between the population size and the species diversity index, where shrub showed the strongest relationship (r(7)=0.900, P=0.001) followed by tree r(7)=0.736, P=0.024 and the herbs with weakest relationship (r(7)=0.39, P=0.269). The Chi-square test of association indicated significant association of 10 species with H. aromatica in the various sites where Alocasia acuminate (Aracaceae), Amomum sp. (Zingiberaceae) and Pteris sp. (Pteridaceae) showed highest association with higher Chi square value. The poor population status with average density of 3041.67/hectare and 8.89 frequency percentage as well the existing anthropogenic threats to the species recorded in the present study has warrants for its immediate conservation.

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Claims 16

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

H. aromatica occurred at 9 of 15 surveyed forest sites.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae0
Outcome
found only in 9 sitese0
Value
9 sitese0
Setting
forest sitese0

Verbatim

e0

“Out of the 15 selected forest sites for survey, H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 478–565 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The selected sites contained 288 species across 99 families.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Outcome
speciese0
Value
288 speciese0

Verbatim

e0

“A total of 288 species representing 99 families are documented from the selected sites”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 566–652 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Five named families dominated all nine sites.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Outcome
Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, Araceae, Dipterocarpaceae and Poaceaee0
Value
9 sitese0

Verbatim

e0

“Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, Araceae, Dipterocarpaceae and Poaceae are found dominant in all the 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 659–761 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tree, shrub and herb diversity was highest at Happy Valley, followed by Ganga Lake.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Outcome
Species diversity index (H?)e0
Direction
higheste0
Comparator
Ganga Lakee0
Setting
Happy Valley sitee0

Verbatim

e0

“Species diversity index (H?) of all the three habits i.e. the tree, shrub, and herb were found highest in Happy Valley site followed by Ganga Lake.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–909 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The survey recorded 219 H. aromatica individuals.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae0
Outcome
individuals of H. aromaticae0
Value
219 individualse0

Verbatim

e0

“A total of 219 individuals of H. aromatica recorded”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 910–961 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

H. aromatica was confined to elevations of 350m-450m asl.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Outcome
altitudinal rangese0
Value
350m-450m asle0

Verbatim

e0

“found confined within the altitudinal ranges of 350m-450m asl.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 973–1035 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The importance value index was low at all survey sites, ranging 1.95 to 9.64.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae0
Outcome
IVIe0
Direction
lowe0
Value
1.95 to 9.64e0

Verbatim

e0

“The IVI (1.95 to 9.64) and Frequency % (5 to 12.5) range of H. aromatica found significantly low at all the survey sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1036–1157 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Frequency was low at all survey sites, ranging 5 to 12.5 percent.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae0
Outcome
Frequency %e0
Direction
lowe0
Value
5 to 12.5e0

Verbatim

e0

“The IVI (1.95 to 9.64) and Frequency % (5 to 12.5) range of H. aromatica found significantly low at all the survey sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1036–1157 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Population size was positively related to shrub diversity.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Organ / stage
shrube0
Outcome
relationshipe0
Direction
strongeste0
Value
r(7)=0.900e0

Verbatim

e0

“shrub showed the strongest relationship (r(7)=0.900, P=0.001)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1302–1363 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Population size was positively related to tree diversity.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Organ / stage
treee0
Outcome
treee0
Value
r(7)=0.736e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“followed by tree r(7)=0.736, P=0.024”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1364–1400 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The herb diversity relationship was weakest and not significant.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Organ / stage
herbse0
Outcome
relationshipe0
Direction
weakeste0
Value
r(7)=0.39e0

Verbatim

e0

“the herbs with weakest relationship (r(7)=0.39, P=0.269)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1405–1461 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ten species were significantly associated with H. aromatica.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae0
Outcome
association of 10 speciese0
Value
10 speciese0
Setting
various sitese0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“significant association of 10 species with H. aromatica in the various sites”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1508–1584 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Alocasia acuminate, Amomum sp. and Pteris sp. had the highest association.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Interactor
Alocasia acuminatee0other
Outcome
associatione0
Direction
higheste0

Verbatim

e0

“Alocasia acuminate (Aracaceae), Amomum sp. (Zingiberaceae) and Pteris sp. (Pteridaceae) showed highest association with higher Chi square value.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1591–1735 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Average density was reported as 3041.67 per hectare.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Outcome
average densitye0
Value
3041.67/hectaree0

Verbatim

e0

“poor population status with average density of 3041.67/hectare and 8.89 frequency percentage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1740–1832 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported frequency was 8.89 percent.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Outcome
frequency percentagee0
Value
8.89 frequency percentagee0

Verbatim

e0

“8.89 frequency percentage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1807–1832 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors call for immediate conservation of H. aromatica.

Taxon
H. aromaticaHomalomena aromaticae1
Outcome
immediate conservatione0

Verbatim

e0

“warrants for its immediate conservation.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1925–1965 · show in text ↑
e1

“H. aromatica was found only in 9 sites.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–565 · show in text ↑