Abstract
Bacterial volatiles promote plant growth and elicit immunity responses in plants grown in two-compartment Petri dishes. Due to the limitations of bacterial volatile compound (BVC) treatments such as their high evaporation rates, it is convenient to apply BVCs in closed systems such as greenhouses. However, the concentrations of BVCs must be optimised. We therefore attempted to optimise BVC emissions from bacteria grown on solid medium and synthetic BVC treatment in order to maximise plant growth and induced resistance in a miniature greenhouse system. We cultivated the model BVC emitter Bacillus subtilis GB03 on complex medium for continuous treatment, which we placed near 1-week-old cucumber seedlings in a miniature greenhouse. Aboveground and belowground plant growth parameters were significantly increased at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment with BVCs released by B. subtilis GB03. Moreover, this treatment protected cucumber seedlings against the angular leaf spot pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. In addition, cucumber shoot growth was promoted in response to the slow release of BVCs from filter paper that had absorbed 1000 and 10 µM synthetic 2,3-butanediol, a key BVC from B. subtilis strain GB03. However, induced resistance was only elicited when 10 plates containing 10 µM 2,3-butanediol were utilised in the miniature greenhouse. The mechanism of induced resistance appears to involve the activation of the jasmonic acid signalling pathway. To overcome the difficulties associated with treatment using a single application of BVC in the greenhouse, we optimised conditions for BVC application via consistent exposure in a slow-release system.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles released by Bacillus subtilis GB03 increased aboveground and belowground growth parameters of cucumber 1 and 2 weeks after treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- BVCs released by B. subtilis GB03e1
- Interactor
- B. subtilis GB03
Bacillus subtilise1symbiont - Outcome
- plant growth parameterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- 1 and 2 weeks after treatmente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“induced resistance in cucumber”
e1“Aboveground and belowground plant growth parameters were significantly increased at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment with BVCs released by B. subtilis GB03”
Claim · model-written summary
The Bacillus subtilis GB03 volatile treatment protected cucumber seedlings against angular leaf spot caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- BVCs released by B. subtilis GB03e1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymansPseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymanse2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis GB03Bacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- angular leaf spote2
- Direction
- protectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Aboveground and belowground plant growth parameters were significantly increased at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment with BVCs released by B. subtilis GB03”
e2“this treatment protected cucumber seedlings against the angular leaf spot pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow release of volatiles from filter paper absorbing 1000 and 10 µM synthetic 2,3-butanediol promoted cucumber shoot growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- slow release of BVCs from filter paper that had absorbed 1000 and 10 µM synthetic 2,3-butanediole3
- Outcome
- shoot growthe3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“cucumber shoot growth was promoted in response to the slow release of BVCs from filter paper that had absorbed 1000 and 10 µM synthetic 2,3-butanediol”
Claim · model-written summary
Induced resistance in cucumber was elicited only when 10 plates containing 10 µM 2,3-butanediol were used in the miniature greenhouse.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 10 plates containing 10 µM 2,3-butanediole4
- Outcome
- induced resistancee4
- Direction
- elicitede4
- Qualifier
- onlye4
- Setting
- miniature greenhousee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“induced resistance in cucumber”
e4“induced resistance was only elicited when 10 plates containing 10 µM 2,3-butanediol were utilised in the miniature greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Induced resistance appears to involve activation of the jasmonic acid signalling pathway in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Compound
- jasmonic acide5
- Outcome
- induced resistancee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“induced resistance in cucumber”
e5“The mechanism of induced resistance appears to involve the activation of the jasmonic acid signalling pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimised BVC application via consistent exposure in a slow-release system addresses the limits of a single BVC application in cucumber greenhouse treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- consistent exposuree6
- Comparator
- single application of BVCe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“induced resistance in cucumber”
e6“we optimised conditions for BVC application via consistent exposure in a slow-release system”
e7“difficulties associated with treatment using a single application of BVC in the greenhouse”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.