Abstract
Nitrate vulnerable zones (NVZs) are areas considered to be at high risk of water pollution due to an excess of nitrates and, according to European regulations, codes of good agricultural practice are to be implemented by farmers, such as reducing doses of the applied fertilizers, or the use of fertilizers that minimize nitrate leaching. In this work, the influence of organic fertilization with dried pig manure (DPM) as compared to mineral fertilization with ammonium sulfate nitrate with 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate nitrification inhibitor was studied in a barley crop planted in a NVZ in Fompedraza (Valladolid, Spain). Organic and mineral fertilizers were applied at different rates (85, 133 and 170 kg N·ha−1·year−1 vs. 90 and 108 kg N·ha−1·year−1, respectively) over a three-year period, in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four blocks. DPM-based fertilization resulted in a 65% increase in crop yield as compared to the control soil, reaching 1800 kg·ha−1 for an application rate of 85 kg N·ha−1·year−1. Higher DPM rates were found to increase the electrical conductivity and assimilable phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and organic matter contents, but did not lead to yield enhancements. Final nitrate and ammonium concentrations were lower than 10 mg·kg−1 and 20 mg·kg−1, respectively, and no increase in soil salinity or heavy metal pollution was observed. DPM fertilization should be supplemented with small doses of inorganic fertilizers to obtain crop yields similar to those attained with mineral fertilization.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Dried pig manure increased barley yield by 65% against control soil.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- DPM-based fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Comparator
- control soile0
- Setting
- Fompedraza (Valladolid, Spain)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“DPM-based fertilization resulted in a 65% increase in crop yield as compared to the control soil, reaching 1800 kg·ha−1 for an application rate of 85 kg N·ha−1·year−1”
e1“barley”
e2“barley crop planted in a NVZ in Fompedraza (Valladolid, Spain)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield reached 1800 kg·ha−1 at 85 kg N·ha−1·year−1 manure rate.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- 85 kg N·ha−1·year−1e0
- Outcome
- crop yielde2
- Value
- 1800 kg·ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reaching 1800 kg·ha−1 for an application rate of 85 kg N·ha−1·year−1”
e1“barley”
e2“crop yield as compared to the control soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher DPM rates increased soil electrical conductivity and assimilable nutrients and organic matter.
- Treatment
- Higher DPM ratese0
- Outcome
- electrical conductivity and assimilable phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and organic matter contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Higher DPM rates were found to increase the electrical conductivity and assimilable phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and organic matter contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher DPM rates did not enhance yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Higher DPM ratese0
- Outcome
- yield enhancementse0
- Direction
- did not lead toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher DPM rates were found to increase the electrical conductivity and assimilable phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and organic matter contents, but did not lead to yield enhancements”
e1“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Final soil nitrate was below 10 mg·kg−1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Final nitrate and ammonium concentrations were lower than 10 mg·kg−1 and 20 mg·kg−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Final soil ammonium was below 20 mg·kg−1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Final nitrate and ammonium concentrations were lower than 10 mg·kg−1 and 20 mg·kg−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
No increase in soil salinity or heavy metal pollution was observed.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“no increase in soil salinity or heavy metal pollution was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend supplementing DPM with small inorganic fertilizer doses to match mineral fertilization yields.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- crop yields similar to those attained with mineral fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DPM fertilization should be supplemented with small doses of inorganic fertilizers to obtain crop yields similar to those attained with mineral fertilization”
e1“barley”
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