Abstract
In the present study, onion extract was used for green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe-NPs). The X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterizations demonstrated that the biosynthesized Fe-NPs were mainly composed of low-crystalline or amorphous Fe2O3 with diameter of 19–30 nm. The effect of seed priming with different concentrations of Fe-NPs (20, 40, 80, and 160 mg L–1) on seedling growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant potential, metabolites, and hormonal profiles of diploid and triploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) varieties were studied on the third and eighth days of seedling development. Seed priming with Fe-NPs was safer compared to its bulk counterparts (FeCl3 and Fe2O3) and had no toxic impact on seed germination, seedling development, and chlorophyll biosynthesis at studied concentrations. Untargeted metabolomics studies showed that different Fe-NPs priming treatments distinctly altered the metabolome of diploid and triploid watermelon seedlings. Uniquely, we found that different Fe-NPs priming treatments significantly modulate the 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA) level in diploid and triploid watermelon seedlings. In conclusion, seed priming with nontoxic Fe-NPs can be applied sustainably to increase nonenzymatic antioxidant potential as well as to prime or induce jasmonates-linked defense responses in watermelon seedlings.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Biosynthesized Fe-NPs were mainly composed of low-crystalline or amorphous Fe2O3 with diameters of 19–30 nm.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“the biosynthesized Fe-NPs were mainly composed of low-crystalline or amorphous Fe2O3 with diameter of 19–30 nm”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with Fe-NPs was safer in watermelon than priming with bulk FeCl3 and Fe2O3.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- Seed priming with Fe-NPse2
- Outcome
- safere2
- Direction
- safere2
- Comparator
- bulk counterparts (FeCl3 and Fe2O3)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diploid and triploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) varieties”
e2“Seed priming with Fe-NPs was safer compared to its bulk counterparts (FeCl3 and Fe2O3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with Fe-NPs had no toxic impact on seed germination, seedling development or chlorophyll biosynthesis in watermelon at the studied concentrations.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- Seed priming with Fe-NPse2
- Outcome
- seed germination, seedling development, and chlorophyll biosynthesise3
- Direction
- no toxic impacte3
- Qualifier
- at studied concentrationse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diploid and triploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) varieties”
e2“Seed priming with Fe-NPs was safer compared to its bulk counterparts (FeCl3 and Fe2O3)”
e3“had no toxic impact on seed germination, seedling development, and chlorophyll biosynthesis at studied concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Different Fe-NP priming treatments distinctly altered the metabolome of diploid and triploid watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Material
- diploid and triploide4
- Treatment
- different Fe-NPs priming treatmentse4
- Outcome
- metabolomee4
- Direction
- alterede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diploid and triploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) varieties”
e4“Untargeted metabolomics studies showed that different Fe-NPs priming treatments distinctly altered the metabolome of diploid and triploid watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Different Fe-NP priming treatments significantly modulated the 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA) level in diploid and triploid watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Material
- diploid and triploide5
- Treatment
- different Fe-NPs priming treatmentse5
- Outcome
- 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA) levele5
- Direction
- significantly modulatee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diploid and triploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) varieties”
e5“different Fe-NPs priming treatments significantly modulate the 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA) level in diploid and triploid watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with nontoxic Fe-NPs can be applied sustainably to increase nonenzymatic antioxidant potential in watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse6
- Treatment
- seed priming with nontoxic Fe-NPse6
- Outcome
- nonenzymatic antioxidant potentiale6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“seed priming with nontoxic Fe-NPs can be applied sustainably to increase nonenzymatic antioxidant potential as well as to prime or induce jasmonates-linked defense responses in watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with nontoxic Fe-NPs can prime or induce jasmonates-linked defense responses in watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse6
- Treatment
- seed priming with nontoxic Fe-NPse6
- Outcome
- jasmonates-linked defense responsese6
- Direction
- prime or inducee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“seed priming with nontoxic Fe-NPs can be applied sustainably to increase nonenzymatic antioxidant potential as well as to prime or induce jasmonates-linked defense responses in watermelon seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · quality: phytochemicals · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
seed treatment · disease · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.