Paper · 2018 · Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection

Efficiency ofTrichoderma harzianumas a biocontrol agent in combination with humate and chitosan againstMeloidogyne incognitaon tomato

Nevin Ahmed; Alaa El-Dein Omara

5
claims
10
verbatim quotes
3
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

A pot trial was conducted to estimate the role of Trichoderma harzianum alone or in combination with two organic substances, potassium humate and chitosan in controlling Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. All treatments caused greater decreases in parameters of M. incognita in comparison to the control treatment (nematode only) and this led to noticeable enhancements in growth and yield of tomato. The lowest numbers of eggmasses, eggs/eggmass, galls/root, females/root, and second stage juveniles/250 g soil were recorded due to the combination of T. harzianum (1010 spore/ml) with chitosan and potassium humate after 120 days from the transplanting of tomato seedlings. Also, this treatment showed the best promotion for all tomato parameters (lengths and weights of shoots and roots, and productivity). So, mixing chitosan, potassium and T. harzianum is highly recommended to be used as an effective bio-nematicide against M. incognita on tomato plants.

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Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

All treatments reduced nematode parameters compared with the nematode-only control.

Treatment
All treatmentse0
Interactor
M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
Outcome
parameters of M. incognitae0
Direction
decreasese0
Comparator
control treatment (nematode only)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Meloidogyne incognita
Meloidogyne incognita · InteractorPhoto by William Wergin and Richard Sayre. Colorized by Stephen Ausmus. U.S. Department of Agriculture · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“All treatments caused greater decreases in parameters of M. incognita in comparison to the control treatment (nematode only)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 203–327 · show in text ↑
e1

“Meloidogyne incognita on tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 170–201 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatments improved tomato growth and yield.

Treatment
All treatmentse2
Outcome
growth and yielde0
Direction
enhancementse0
Comparator
control treatment (nematode only)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“this led to noticeable enhancements in growth and yield of tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 332–397 · show in text ↑
e1

“control treatment (nematode only)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 294–327 · show in text ↑
e2

“All treatments caused greater decreases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 203–242 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined Trichoderma, chitosan, and potassium humate treatment produced the lowest nematode eggmasses, eggs per eggmass, galls, females, and second-stage juveniles at 120 days.

Treatment
combination of T. harzianum (1010 spore/ml) with chitosan and potassium humatee0
Interactor
Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
Outcome
numbers of eggmasses, eggs/eggmass, galls/roote0
Direction
loweste0
Qualifier
after 120 days from the transplantinge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Meloidogyne incognita
Meloidogyne incognita · InteractorPhoto by William Wergin and Richard Sayre. Colorized by Stephen Ausmus. U.S. Department of Agriculture · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The lowest numbers of eggmasses, eggs/eggmass, galls/root, females/root, and second stage juveniles/250 g soil were recorded due to the combination of T. harzianum (1010 spore/ml) with chitosan and potassium humate after 120 days from the transplanting of tomato seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 399–671 · show in text ↑
e1

“Meloidogyne incognita on tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 170–201 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment best promoted tomato shoot and root size and productivity.

Treatment
combination of T. harzianum (1010 spore/ml) with chitosan and potassium humatee1
Outcome
lengths and weights of shoots and rootse0
Direction
beste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“this treatment showed the best promotion for all tomato parameters (lengths and weights of shoots and roots, and productivity)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 679–805 · show in text ↑
e1

“combination of T. harzianum (1010 spore/ml) with chitosan and potassium humate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 535–613 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend mixing chitosan, potassium, and Trichoderma as a tomato bionematicide.

Interactor
M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
Outcome
effective bio-nematicide against M. incognitae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Meloidogyne incognita
Meloidogyne incognita · InteractorPhoto by William Wergin and Richard Sayre. Colorized by Stephen Ausmus. U.S. Department of Agriculture · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“mixing chitosan, potassium and T. harzianum is highly recommended to be used as an effective bio-nematicide against M. incognita on tomato plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 811–956 · show in text ↑

chitosan · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

Trichoderma harzianum · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree

11 papers: 11 positive, 0 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

potassium · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 3 positive, 1 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.