Abstract
Abstract Oilseed brassicas are extensively grown in the water‐stressed ecologies of India. Sufficient irrigation, deficit irrigation scheduling (DIS) with limited irrigation water and rainfed (no irrigation) conditions were assessed with and without the use of superabsorbent polymer‐hydrogel (SAP‐hydrogel) under a micro‐sprinkler irrigation system (MIS) for Indian mustard. Irrigation scheduling at an irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW/CPE) of 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4, along with use of SAP‐hydrogel, produced almost equal dry matter per plant (113, 115 and 109 g plant −1 ), which was, however, significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) over rainfed (86 g plant −1 ). The seed yield under DIS (0.6 IW/CPE) increased by 39.3% over rainfed + hydrogel (HG). Also, the seed yield obtained under irrigation scheduling at a ratio of 0.4 IW/CPE was found to be similar to that obtained in rainfed + HG treatment. A similar water productivity (WP) of 10 kg ha −1 mm −1 was obtained with DIS at 0.4 IW/CPE + HG and at 0.8 IW/CPE‐HG; however, a higher total water productivity (WP t ) was recorded under DIS at 0.6 and 0.4 IW/CPE + HG (23 and 29 kg ha −1 mm −1 , respectively) over the same irrigation schedules excluding HG. The economics of HG application under DIS was better due to higher net returns, although the highest B : C ratio (1.92) was recorded in DIS (0.4 IW/CPE), trailed by irrigation scheduling at IW/CPE 0.8 and 0.6. Overall, it could be concluded that DIS through micro‐sprinkler and use of HG enhanced seed, oil, water productivity and energy dynamics under water‐constrained conditions in semi‐arid ecologies. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE with hydrogel produced 113 g plant −1 dry matter.
- Taxon
- Indian mustard
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- 0.8e0
- Outcome
- dry matter per plante0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Value
- 113e0
- Comparator
- rainfede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation scheduling at an irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW/CPE) of 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4, along with use of SAP‐hydrogel, produced almost equal dry matter per plant (113, 115 and 109 g plant −1 ), which was, however, significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) over rainfed (86 g plant −1 ).”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE with hydrogel produced 115 g plant −1 dry matter.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 0.6e0
- Outcome
- dry matter per plante0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Value
- 115e0
- Comparator
- rainfede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation scheduling at an irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW/CPE) of 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4, along with use of SAP‐hydrogel, produced almost equal dry matter per plant (113, 115 and 109 g plant −1 ), which was, however, significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) over rainfed (86 g plant −1 ).”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 0.4 IW/CPE with hydrogel produced 109 g plant −1 dry matter.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 0.4e0
- Outcome
- dry matter per plante0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Value
- 109e0
- Comparator
- rainfede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation scheduling at an irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW/CPE) of 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4, along with use of SAP‐hydrogel, produced almost equal dry matter per plant (113, 115 and 109 g plant −1 ), which was, however, significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) over rainfed (86 g plant −1 ).”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE raised seed yield by 39.3% over rainfed plus hydrogel.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- DIS (0.6 IW/CPE)e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.3%e0
- Comparator
- rainfed + hydrogel (HG)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yield under DIS (0.6 IW/CPE) increased by 39.3% over rainfed + hydrogel (HG).”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield under 0.4 IW/CPE was similar to rainfed plus hydrogel.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- irrigation scheduling at a ratio of 0.4 IW/CPEe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- rainfed + HG treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seed yield obtained under irrigation scheduling at a ratio of 0.4 IW/CPE was found to be similar to that obtained in rainfed + HG treatment.”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Water productivity was 10 kg ha −1 mm −1 under deficit irrigation at 0.4 IW/CPE with hydrogel.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- DIS at 0.4 IW/CPE + HGe0
- Outcome
- water productivity (WP)e0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 10 kg ha −1 mm −1e0
- Comparator
- 0.8 IW/CPE‐HGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar water productivity (WP) of 10 kg ha −1 mm −1 was obtained with DIS at 0.4 IW/CPE + HG and at 0.8 IW/CPE‐HG;”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Total water productivity reached 23 kg ha −1 mm −1 at 0.6 IW/CPE with hydrogel, above without hydrogel.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 0.6e0
- Outcome
- total water productivity (WP t )e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 23e0
- Comparator
- the same irrigation schedules excluding HGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher total water productivity (WP t ) was recorded under DIS at 0.6 and 0.4 IW/CPE + HG (23 and 29 kg ha −1 mm −1 , respectively) over the same irrigation schedules excluding HG.”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Total water productivity reached 29 kg ha −1 mm −1 at 0.4 IW/CPE with hydrogel, above without hydrogel.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 0.4e0
- Outcome
- total water productivity (WP t )e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 29e0
- Comparator
- the same irrigation schedules excluding HGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher total water productivity (WP t ) was recorded under DIS at 0.6 and 0.4 IW/CPE + HG (23 and 29 kg ha −1 mm −1 , respectively) over the same irrigation schedules excluding HG.”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved economic returns under deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- HG application under DISe0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The economics of HG application under DIS was better due to higher net returns”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest benefit-cost ratio was 1.92 under deficit irrigation at 0.4 IW/CPE.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- DIS (0.4 IW/CPE)e0
- Outcome
- B : C ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.92e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest B : C ratio (1.92) was recorded in DIS (0.4 IW/CPE)”
t0“Indian Mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded deficit irrigation and hydrogel improved seed, oil, water productivity and energy dynamics.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- DIS through micro‐sprinkler and use of HGe0
- Qualifier
- under water‐constrained conditions in semi‐arid ecologiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it could be concluded that DIS through micro‐sprinkler and use of HG enhanced seed, oil, water productivity and energy dynamics under water‐constrained conditions in semi‐arid ecologies.”
t0“Indian Mustard”
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