Abstract
WRKY transcription factors have been implicated in both plant immunity and plant responses to cadmium (Cd); however, the mechanism underlying the crosstalk between these processes is unclear. Here, we characterized the roles of CaWRKY41, a group III WRKY transcription factor, in immunity against the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and Cd stress responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum). CaWRKY41 was transcriptionally up-regulated in response to Cd exposure, R. solanacearum inoculation, and H2O2 treatment. Virus-induced silencing of CaWRKY41 increased Cd tolerance and R. solanacearum susceptibility, while heterologous overexpression of CaWRKY41 in Arabidopsis impaired Cd tolerance, and enhanced Cd and zinc (Zn) uptake and H2O2 accumulation. Genes encoding reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes were down-regulated in CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants, whereas genes encoding Zn transporters and enzymes involved in H2O2 production were up-regulated. Consistent with these findings, the ocp3 (overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 3) mutant, which has elevated H2O2 levels, displayed enhanced sensitivity to Cd stress. These results suggest that a positive feedback loop between H2O2 accumulation and CaWRKY41 up-regulation coordinates the responses of pepper to R. solanacearum inoculation and Cd exposure. This mechanism might reduce Cd tolerance by increasing Cd uptake via Zn transporters, while enhancing resistance to R. solanacearum.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cd exposure up-regulated CaWRKY41 transcription in pepper.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Capsicum annuume1 - Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Gene
- CaWRKY41e0
- Outcome
- CaWRKY41 was transcriptionally up-regulatede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaWRKY41 was transcriptionally up-regulated in response to Cd exposure, R. solanacearum inoculation, and H2O2 treatment”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solanacearum inoculation up-regulated CaWRKY41 transcription in pepper.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- R. solanacearum inoculatione0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Gene
- CaWRKY41e0
- Outcome
- CaWRKY41 was transcriptionally up-regulatede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaWRKY41 was transcriptionally up-regulated in response to Cd exposure, R. solanacearum inoculation, and H2O2 treatment”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 treatment up-regulated CaWRKY41 transcription in pepper.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- H2O2 treatmente0
- Gene
- CaWRKY41e0
- Outcome
- CaWRKY41 was transcriptionally up-regulatede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaWRKY41 was transcriptionally up-regulated in response to Cd exposure, R. solanacearum inoculation, and H2O2 treatment”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing CaWRKY41 increased pepper Cd tolerance.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- Virus-induced silencing of CaWRKY41e0
- Gene
- CaWRKY41e0
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced silencing of CaWRKY41 increased Cd tolerance and R. solanacearum susceptibility”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing CaWRKY41 increased pepper susceptibility to R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- Virus-induced silencing of CaWRKY41e0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Gene
- CaWRKY41e0
- Outcome
- R. solanacearum susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced silencing of CaWRKY41 increased Cd tolerance and R. solanacearum susceptibility”
e1“pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
CaWRKY41 overexpression impaired Arabidopsis Cd tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- heterologous overexpression of CaWRKY41e0
- Gene
- CaWRKY41e0
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heterologous overexpression of CaWRKY41 in Arabidopsis impaired Cd tolerance, and enhanced Cd and zinc (Zn) uptake and H2O2 accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
CaWRKY41 overexpression enhanced zinc uptake in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- heterologous overexpression of CaWRKY41e0
- Gene
- CaWRKY41e0
- Outcome
- zinc (Zn) uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heterologous overexpression of CaWRKY41 in Arabidopsis impaired Cd tolerance, and enhanced Cd and zinc (Zn) uptake and H2O2 accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
CaWRKY41 overexpression enhanced H2O2 accumulation in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- heterologous overexpression of CaWRKY41e0
- Gene
- CaWRKY41e0
- Outcome
- H2O2 accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heterologous overexpression of CaWRKY41 in Arabidopsis impaired Cd tolerance, and enhanced Cd and zinc (Zn) uptake and H2O2 accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis down-regulated genes encoding reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plantse0
- Gene
- Genes encoding reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymese0
- Outcome
- Genes encoding reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes were down-regulatede0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genes encoding reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes were down-regulated in CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis up-regulated genes encoding Zn transporters.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plantse1
- Gene
- genes encoding Zn transporterse0
- Outcome
- genes encoding Zn transporterse0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes encoding Zn transporters and enzymes involved in H2O2 production were up-regulated”
e1“CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis up-regulated genes encoding enzymes involved in H2O2 production.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plantse1
- Gene
- enzymes involved in H2O2 productione0
- Outcome
- enzymes involved in H2O2 productione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes encoding Zn transporters and enzymes involved in H2O2 production were up-regulated”
e1“CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The ocp3 Arabidopsis mutant showed enhanced Cd sensitivity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- ocp3 (overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 3) mutante0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to Cd stresse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ocp3 (overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 3) mutant, which has elevated H2O2 levels, displayed enhanced sensitivity to Cd stress”
e1“CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose a positive feedback loop between H2O2 accumulation and CaWRKY41 up-regulation that coordinates pepper responses to R. solanacearum and Cd.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Gene
- CaWRKY41e0
- Compound
- H2O2e0
- Outcome
- responses of pepper to R. solanacearum inoculation and Cd exposuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a positive feedback loop between H2O2 accumulation and CaWRKY41 up-regulation coordinates the responses of pepper to R. solanacearum inoculation and Cd exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed mechanism may reduce pepper Cd tolerance by increasing Cd uptake via Zn transporters.
Verbatim
e0“This mechanism might reduce Cd tolerance by increasing Cd uptake via Zn transporters”
e1“responses of pepper to R. solanacearum inoculation and Cd exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed mechanism may enhance pepper resistance to R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- peppere1
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Gene
- CaWRKY41e1
- Outcome
- resistance to R. solanacearume0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while enhancing resistance to R. solanacearum”
e1“CaWRKY41 up-regulation coordinates the responses of pepper to R. solanacearum inoculation and Cd exposure”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Ralstonia solanacearum · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →loss of function · disease · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.