Abstract
In organic farming investigations regarding environmental friendly methods of 'Pests Management' are of high importance. In order to replace synthetic pesticides, antagonistic insects were tested against White Fly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) as well as plant oils. For enhancement of plant growth two different biostimulators based on humic acid ('Humintech' and 'Humentos') were used, the interaction with the antagonistic insects and the White Fly were investigated. As antagonistic insects, the parasitic wasp (Encarsia formosa Gahan) and the predatory assassin bug (Macrolophus pygmaeusRambur) were applied apart as well as in combination. In addition against the White Fly two plant oil compounds the Pine oil and the Castor oil were used and their effect on various stages of the White Fly's development, the adult insects, the parasitic activity and the predator performance were examined in both greenhouse and lab conditions. Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations 'Humintech' and 'Humentos' in concentration 0.005% as leaf application had no influence on the yield. However, 'Humentos' (0.05%) showed yield increasing effect on tomato plants under suboptimal cultivation conditions and three times application. Both predator insects' E. formosa and M.pygmaeus are capable to control population of the White Fly if duly applied. The best results were obtained in case of combination of both antagonists. Both oil preparations (the Pine oil and the Castor oil) had in concentration of 1% an insecticide effect on both larvae as well as adult insects of the White Fly. Best results were achieved with Pine oil a mortality rate of 80% was obtained. The humic acid preparation 'Humintech' showed repellent effect on the White Fly and its antagonists. As result of these researchcan be confirmed,that investigatedmethods of biological controlcan be applied in environment friendly cultivation oftomatoes in protected cultivation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid preparations 'Humintech' and 'Humentos' at 0.005% as leaf application had no influence on tomato yield under optimal growing conditions.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- humic acid preparations 'Humintech' and 'Humentos' in concentration 0.005% as leaf applicatione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- no influencee1
- Qualifier
- Under optimal growing conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations 'Humintech' and 'Humentos' in concentration 0.005% as leaf application had no influence on the yield”
Claim · model-written summary
'Humentos' (0.05%) increased tomato yield under suboptimal cultivation conditions with three times application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- 'Humentos' (0.05%)e2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Qualifier
- under suboptimal cultivation conditions and three times applicatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“'Humentos' (0.05%) showed yield increasing effect on tomato plants under suboptimal cultivation conditions and three times application”
Claim · model-written summary
The predatory wasp E. formosa is capable of controlling White Fly population on tomato if duly applied.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- E. formosae3
- Interactor
- White Flye3pest
- Second interactor
- E. formosa
Encarsia formosae3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- control population of the White Flye3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations”
e3“Both predator insects' E. formosa and M.pygmaeus are capable to control population of the White Fly if duly applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The predatory bug M. pygmaeus is capable of controlling White Fly population on tomato if duly applied.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- M.pygmaeuse3
- Interactor
- White Flye3pest
- Second interactor
- M.pygmaeus
Macrolophus pygmaeuse3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- control population of the White Flye3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations”
e3“Both predator insects' E. formosa and M.pygmaeus are capable to control population of the White Fly if duly applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The best results against whitefly were obtained with the combination of both antagonists.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- combination of both antagonistse4
- Outcome
- best resultse4
- Direction
- best resultse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations”
e4“The best results were obtained in case of combination of both antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine oil at 1% had an insecticide effect on larvae and adult insects of the White Fly on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Pine oile5
- Interactor
- White Flye5pest
- Outcome
- insecticide effecte5
- Qualifier
- in concentration of 1%e5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations”
e5“Both oil preparations (the Pine oil and the Castor oil) had in concentration of 1% an insecticide effect on both larvae as well as adult insects of the White Fly”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor oil at 1% had an insecticide effect on larvae and adult insects of the White Fly on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Castor oile5
- Interactor
- White Flye5pest
- Outcome
- insecticide effecte5
- Qualifier
- in concentration of 1%e5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations”
e5“Both oil preparations (the Pine oil and the Castor oil) had in concentration of 1% an insecticide effect on both larvae as well as adult insects of the White Fly”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine oil gave the best results, with a mortality rate of 80% of the White Fly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Pine oile6
- Outcome
- mortality ratee6
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- 80%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations”
e6“Best results were achieved with Pine oil a mortality rate of 80% was obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
The humic acid preparation 'Humintech' had a repellent effect on the White Fly on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- humic acid preparation 'Humintech'e7
- Interactor
- White Flye7pest
- Outcome
- repellent effecte7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations”
e7“The humic acid preparation 'Humintech' showed repellent effect on the White Fly and its antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
The humic acid preparation 'Humintech' had a repellent effect on the antagonists of the White Fly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- humic acid preparation 'Humintech'e7
- Interactor
- antagonistse7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- repellent effecte7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under optimal growing conditions of the tomato plants, humic acid preparations”
e7“The humic acid preparation 'Humintech' showed repellent effect on the White Fly and its antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
The investigated methods of biological control can be applied in environment friendly cultivation of tomatoes in protected cultivation.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- methods of biological controle0
- Outcome
- can be applied in environment friendly cultivatione0
- Qualifier
- in protected cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigatedmethods of biological controlcan be applied in environment friendly cultivation oftomatoes in protected cultivation”
The same questions in other papers
Macrolophus pygmaeus · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Encarsia formosa · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
other · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →other · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 117 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
126 papers more in this group
See all 130 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.