Abstract
Development of adventitious roots (ARs) at the base of the shoot is an important adaptation of plants to waterlogging stress; however, its physiological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the regulation of AR formation under waterlogged conditions by hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Cucumis sativus L., an agriculturally and economically important crop in China. We found that ethylene, auxin, and ROS accumulated in the waterlogged cucumber plants. On the other hand, application of the ethylene receptor inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) decreased the number of ARs induced by waterlogging. Auxin enhanced the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes, which led to ethylene entrapment in waterlogged plants. Both ethylene and auxin induced the generation of ROS. Auxin-induced AR formation was inhibited by 1-MCP, although ethylene-induced AR formation was not inhibited by NPA. Both ethylene- and auxin-induced AR formation were counteracted by DPI. These results indicate that auxin-induced AR formation is dependent on ethylene, whereas ethylene-induced AR formation is independent of auxin. They also show that ROS signals mediate both ethylene- and auxin-induced AR formation in cucumber plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene, auxin and ROS accumulated in waterlogged cucumber plants.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Outcome
- ethylene, auxin, and ROSe1
- Qualifier
- accumulatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e1“We found that ethylene, auxin, and ROS accumulated in the waterlogged cucumber plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethylene receptor inhibitor 1-MCP decreased the number of waterlogging-induced adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)e2
- Outcome
- number of ARse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- waterlogginge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e2“application of the ethylene receptor inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) decreased the number of ARs induced by waterlogging”
Claim · model-written summary
The auxin transport inhibitor NPA decreased the number of waterlogging-induced adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA)e2
- Outcome
- number of ARse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- waterlogginge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e2“application of the ethylene receptor inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) decreased the number of ARs induced by waterlogging”
Claim · model-written summary
The NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI decreased the number of waterlogging-induced adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)e2
- Outcome
- number of ARse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- waterlogginge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e2“application of the ethylene receptor inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) decreased the number of ARs induced by waterlogging”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin enhanced the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Auxine3
- Gene
- ethylene biosynthesis genese3
- Outcome
- expression of ethylene biosynthesis genese3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e3“Auxin enhanced the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes, which led to ethylene entrapment in waterlogged plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin-enhanced ethylene biosynthesis gene expression led to ethylene entrapment in waterlogged plants.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Compound
- ethylenee3
- Outcome
- ethylene entrapmente3
- Qualifier
- expression of ethylene biosynthesis genese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e3“Auxin enhanced the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes, which led to ethylene entrapment in waterlogged plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced the generation of ROS.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ethylenee4
- Outcome
- generation of ROSe4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e4“Both ethylene and auxin induced the generation of ROS”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin induced the generation of ROS.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- auxine4
- Outcome
- generation of ROSe4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e4“Both ethylene and auxin induced the generation of ROS”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP inhibited auxin-induced adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe5
- Outcome
- Auxin-induced AR formatione5
- Direction
- inhibitede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e5“Auxin-induced AR formation was inhibited by 1-MCP, although ethylene-induced AR formation was not inhibited by NPA”
Claim · model-written summary
NPA did not inhibit ethylene-induced adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- NPAe5
- Outcome
- ethylene-induced AR formatione5
- Direction
- not inhibitede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e5“Auxin-induced AR formation was inhibited by 1-MCP, although ethylene-induced AR formation was not inhibited by NPA”
Claim · model-written summary
DPI counteracted both ethylene- and auxin-induced adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- DPIe6
- Outcome
- ethylene- and auxin-induced AR formatione6
- Direction
- counteractede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e6“Both ethylene- and auxin-induced AR formation were counteracted by DPI”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS signals mediate both ethylene- and auxin-induced adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Compound
- ROSe0
- Outcome
- ethylene- and auxin-induced AR formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e0“They also show that ROS signals mediate both ethylene- and auxin-induced AR formation in cucumber plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin-induced adventitious root formation is dependent on ethylene.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Compound
- ethylenee7
- Outcome
- auxin-induced AR formatione7
- Qualifier
- dependent on ethylenee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e7“These results indicate that auxin-induced AR formation is dependent on ethylene, whereas ethylene-induced AR formation is independent of auxin”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene-induced adventitious root formation is independent of auxin.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Compound
- auxine7
- Outcome
- ethylene-induced AR formatione7
- Qualifier
- independent of auxine7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“adventitious root formation in cucumber”
e7“These results indicate that auxin-induced AR formation is dependent on ethylene, whereas ethylene-induced AR formation is independent of auxin”
The same questions in other papers
1-methylcyclopropene · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
1-methylcyclopropene · physiology: hormones · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.