Abstract
Extracts rich in saponins from Quillaja saponaria Mol. and populations of rhizobacteria from the genus Pseudomonas, which produce antimicrobial compounds, have been associated with reduction of the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, the causal agent of take-all disease, which is responsible for severe loss of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops worldwide. However, there is a limited background on the interaction between these bacteria and natural triterpenoids. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of saponin rich extract on Pseudomonas protegens strains 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producers under in vitro and in plant conditions and determining the synergistic effect to be used together to control G. graminis var. tritici in wheat plants. We determined that 8% and 90% of saponins rich Q. saponaria extracts have a differential effect on P. protegens according to their purity (P 0.05). On wheat seedlings, quillaja extract with 90% of saponins did not affect the three antagonistic bacterial strain populations assessed, but affected biofilm formation at saponins concentration of 7360 mg L -1 . Pseudomonas protegens strains had a variable antagonist activity in wheat plants, and controlled the fungus when were combined with different concentrations of pure Q. saponaria extract, with the concentration of 1840 ppm reducing the take-all disease in 32.5% with respect to the control inoculated with G. graminis var. tritici (P 0.05). However, no synergistic effects when the plant extract was combined with the bacterial strains were observed. These results showed the promising and complexity of combining bacterial and plant extract to develop a biopesticide, which could control this fungal disease.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Extract purity changed effects on P. protegens.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- P. protegensPseudomonas protegense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- differential effect on P. protegense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“8% and 90% of saponins rich Q. saponaria extracts have a differential effect on P. protegens according to their purity”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 90% saponin quillaja extract did not affect three antagonistic bacterial populations on wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- quillaja extract with 90% of saponinse0
- Outcome
- antagonistic bacterial strain populationse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On wheat seedlings, quillaja extract with 90% of saponins did not affect the three antagonistic bacterial strain populations assessed”
Claim · model-written summary
Saponins at 7360 mg L -1 affected bacterial biofilm formation on wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- saponins concentration of 7360 mg L -1e0
- Outcome
- biofilm formatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“affected biofilm formation at saponins concentration of 7360 mg L -1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P. protegens strains showed variable antagonist activity in wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas protegensPseudomonas protegense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- variable antagonist activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas protegens strains had a variable antagonist activity in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined P. protegens and Q. saponaria extract at 1840 ppm reduced take-all by 32.5% against pathogen inoculated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined with different concentrations of pure Q. saponaria extracte0
- Interactor
- G. graminis var. triticiGaeumannomyces triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- take-all diseasee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 32.5%e0
- Comparator
- control inoculated with G. graminis var. triticie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled the fungus when were combined with different concentrations of pure Q. saponaria extract, with the concentration of 1840 ppm reducing the take-all disease in 32.5% with respect to the control inoculated with G. graminis var. tritici”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The plant extract and bacterial strains showed no synergy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- no synergistic effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no synergistic effects when the plant extract was combined with the bacterial strains were observed”
t0“wheat”
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