Abstract
The application of allelopathy in sustainable agriculture was suggested as an environmentally friendly tool to manage weed infestation. This study aims to determine the phenolic compounds in the sorghum shoot extracts by liquid:liquid extraction using various solvents (ethanol, ethanol–chloroform, ethanol–hexane, ethanol–ethyl acetate, and ethanol–methylene chloride) and to assess weed control efficacy of the sorghum extracts. Analysis of the phenolic compounds indicated that ethanol–ethyl acetate fraction contained highest phenolic compounds. Bioassay using four weed species, Abutilon avicennae, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexu, and Echinochloa crus–galli indicated that the extracts significantly inhibited the germination and growth of four weed species. In addition, the sorghum extracts had post–emergence activity for the weed species. Based on field studies, the sorghum shoot extract at 1 g/mL concentration and three times of applications at 7, 14, and 21 days after tillage controlled weeds more than 90% of untreated control. Based on the high herbicidal efficacy of the sorghum shoot extract extracted with ethanol–ethyl acetate, the sorghum extract is a promising material and might be used as a natural herbicide in the organic farming system.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The ethanol–ethyl acetate fraction had the highest phenolic compounds.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum shoot extracts”
e1“ethanol–ethyl acetate fraction contained highest phenolic compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum extracts inhibited germination and growth of Abutilon avicennae.
- Treatment
- extractse1
- Interactor
- Abutilon avicennae
Abutilon theophrastie2weed - Outcome
- germination and growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed control efficacy of the sorghum extracts”
e1“extracts significantly inhibited the germination and growth of four weed species”
e2“Abutilon avicennae, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexu, and Echinochloa crus–galli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum extracts inhibited germination and growth of Digitaria sanguinalis.
- Treatment
- extractse1
- Interactor
- Digitaria sanguinalis
.jpg?width=60)
Digitaria sanguinalise2weed - Outcome
- germination and growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“weed control efficacy of the sorghum extracts”
e1“extracts significantly inhibited the germination and growth of four weed species”
e2“Abutilon avicennae, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexu, and Echinochloa crus–galli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum extracts inhibited germination and growth of Amaranthus retroflexu.
- Treatment
- extractse1
- Interactor
- Amaranthus retroflexue2weed
- Outcome
- germination and growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed control efficacy of the sorghum extracts”
e1“extracts significantly inhibited the germination and growth of four weed species”
e2“Abutilon avicennae, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexu, and Echinochloa crus–galli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum extracts inhibited germination and growth of Echinochloa crus–galli.
- Treatment
- extractse1
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus–gallie2weed
- Outcome
- germination and growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed control efficacy of the sorghum extracts”
e1“extracts significantly inhibited the germination and growth of four weed species”
e2“Abutilon avicennae, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexu, and Echinochloa crus–galli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum extracts had post-emergence activity against weeds.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum extracts had post–emergence activity for the weed species”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application controlled over 90% of weeds versus untreated control.
- Treatment
- sorghum shoot extract at 1 g/mL concentration and three times of applications at 7, 14, and 21 days after tillagee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- more than 90%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum shoot extract at 1 g/mL concentration and three times of applications at 7, 14, and 21 days after tillage controlled weeds more than 90% of untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose sorghum extract as a natural herbicide in organic farming.
- Outcome
- might be used as a natural herbicide in the organic farming systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum extract is a promising material and might be used as a natural herbicide in the organic farming system”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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botanical · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction
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53 papers more in this group
See all 57 papers →botanical · weed · SorghumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.