Abstract
Abstract The development of early-maturing soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties has led to an increase in soybean production in canola ( Brassica napus L.)-dominant crop rotations in western Canada. Herbicide-resistant (HR) volunteer B. napus can be difficult to manage in HR soybean using herbicides alone. In 2013 and 2014, four field experiments were conducted in Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate soybean row spacing, seeding density, nitrogen supply, and interrow tillage as candidate nonchemical weed management tools for an integrated program to manage volunteer B. napus in soybean. Among treatments and sites, volunteer B. napus produced about 830 seeds plant −1 and resulted in large seedbank inputs (averaging about 20,300 seeds m −2 ). Volunteer B. napus seedling recruitment differed among sites, and resulted in two distinct classes of sites based on average seedling densities of 39 and 89 plants m −2 . Weed management tools were more effective at the sites with higher volunteer B. napus densities. At these sites, soybean yield was greater when using an increased soybean-seeding density (44% greater yield using a seeding density of 682,500 vs. 455,000 seeds ha −1 ) or interrow tillage (36% greater yield with vs. without using interrow tillage). Soybean row spacing (19 vs. 38 vs. 76 cm) did not affect soybean yield, unless the reduction in row spacing was combined with an increased seeding density (65% greater yield with narrow-row soybean seeded at 682,500 vs. wide-row soybean seeded at 455,000 seeds ha −1 ). At the sites with higher volunteer B. napus densities, seed production of canola volunteer B. napus was greater when nitrogen fertilizer was applied to simulate an environment with greater nitrogen supply (77% greater number of volunteer B. napus seeds produced with vs. without broadcast application of 23 kg N ha −1 urea). In northern climates, seeding soybean at increased densities using narrow-row spacing in fields with limited soil inorganic nitrogen and using interrow tillage in wide-row production systems are effective strategies that could augment chemical weed management in an integrated program for management of volunteer B. napus , and perhaps also other competitive early-season weeds.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer B. napus produced about 830 seeds per plant in soybean field experiments.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Interactor
- B. napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0weed - Outcome
- producede0
- Value
- about 830 seeds plant −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“Among treatments and sites, volunteer B. napus produced about 830 seeds plant −1 and resulted in large seedbank inputs (averaging about 20,300 seeds m −2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer B. napus resulted in large seedbank inputs of about 20,300 seeds per m2.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- B. napusBrassica napuse0weed
- Outcome
- seedbank inputse0
- Value
- about 20,300 seeds m −2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“Among treatments and sites, volunteer B. napus produced about 830 seeds plant −1 and resulted in large seedbank inputs (averaging about 20,300 seeds m −2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer B. napus seedling recruitment differed between two classes of sites with average densities of 39 and 89 plants m-2.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- B. napusBrassica napuse0weed
- Outcome
- seedling recruitmente0
- Value
- 39 and 89 plants m −2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“Volunteer B. napus seedling recruitment differed among sites, and resulted in two distinct classes of sites based on average seedling densities of 39 and 89 plants m −2”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed management tools were more effective at sites with higher volunteer B. napus densities.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Weed management toolse0
- Interactor
- B. napusBrassica napuse0weed
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“Weed management tools were more effective at the sites with higher volunteer B. napus densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased soybean seeding density raised soybean yield by 44% compared with 455,000 seeds ha -1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increased soybean-seeding densitye0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- 455,000 seeds ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“soybean yield was greater when using an increased soybean-seeding density (44% greater yield using a seeding density of 682,500 vs. 455,000 seeds ha −1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Interrow tillage raised soybean yield by 36% compared with no interrow tillage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- interrow tillagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Comparator
- without using interrow tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“interrow tillage (36% greater yield with vs. without using interrow tillage)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean row spacing did not affect soybean yield unless narrowing the rows was combined with increased seeding density.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soybean row spacing (19 vs. 38 vs. 76 cm)e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Qualifier
- unless the reduction in row spacing was combined with an increased seeding densitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“Soybean row spacing (19 vs. 38 vs. 76 cm) did not affect soybean yield, unless the reduction in row spacing was combined with an increased seeding density (65% greater yield with narrow-row soybean seeded at 682,500 vs. wide-row soybean seeded at 455,000 seeds ha −1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow-row soybean at 682,500 seeds ha -1 yielded 65% more than wide-row soybean at 455,000 seeds ha -1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- narrow-row soybean seeded at 682,500e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Comparator
- wide-row soybean seeded at 455,000 seeds ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“Soybean row spacing (19 vs. 38 vs. 76 cm) did not affect soybean yield, unless the reduction in row spacing was combined with an increased seeding density (65% greater yield with narrow-row soybean seeded at 682,500 vs. wide-row soybean seeded at 455,000 seeds ha −1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast application of 23 kg N ha -1 urea increased the number of volunteer B. napus seeds produced by 77%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- broadcast application of 23 kg N ha −1 ureae0
- Interactor
- B. napusBrassica napuse0weed
- Outcome
- number of volunteer B. napus seeds producede0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 77%e0
- Comparator
- without broadcast applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“77% greater number of volunteer B. napus seeds produced with vs. without broadcast application of 23 kg N ha −1 urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeding soybean at increased densities with narrow-row spacing, and interrow tillage in wide-row systems, are effective strategies to augment chemical management of volunteer B. napus (authors recommendation).
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seeding soybean at increased densities using narrow-row spacinge0
- Interactor
- B. napusBrassica napuse0weed
- Outcome
- effective strategiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integrated Weed Management in Soybean”
e0“In northern climates, seeding soybean at increased densities using narrow-row spacing in fields with limited soil inorganic nitrogen and using interrow tillage in wide-row production systems are effective strategies that could augment chemical weed management in an integrated program for management of volunteer B. napus”
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See all 390 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.