Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the incidence of weeds in the pre-planting of the summer crop as a function of planting system, herbicide use and irrigation management. The experiment was installed in field conditions, in RBD and 3 x 2 factorial scheme with eight replications. Treatments consisted in submitting rice to three management factors: water managementcontinuously flooded or intermittend irrigation (Factor A), coupled to the application (traditional control) or not (semi-ecological system) of herbicides (Factor B), and planting systemconventional soil tillage, minimum tillage and no-till systems (Factor C). One year after rice cultivation, preceding the planting of the next cropping season, phytosociological evaluations of the weed communities were carried out. We assessed the overall infestation and weed species composition, which were classified by their respective density, frequency and dominance. We also estimated the diversity coefficients of Simpson and Shannon-Weiner, and the sustainability coefficient of Shannon; treatments were also grouped by similarity in weed composition. In flood-irrigated rice, no-till provides the lowest levels of weed infestation and, together with the conventional cropping system, results in values closer to the ecological sustainability; The application of herbicides in flooded rice crops reduces weed infestation, increases diversity and equalizes the ecological sustainability, compared to areas without the application of weed management methods. However, chemical control leads to the selection of resistant or tolerant species to herbicides, such as Polypogon sp.; Both continuous and intermittent water management systems did not cause changes in the level of infestation, composition or diversity coefficients.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
No-till gave the lowest weed infestation in flood-irrigated rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- no-tille0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed infestatione0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In flood-irrigated rice, no-till provides the lowest levels of weed infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till and conventional cropping were closer to ecological sustainability in flood-irrigated rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- no-tille0
- Outcome
- ecological sustainabilitye0
- Direction
- closere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In flood-irrigated rice, no-till provides the lowest levels of weed infestation and, together with the conventional cropping system, results in values closer to the ecological sustainability”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application reduced weed infestation in flooded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application of herbicidese0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed infestatione0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Comparator
- areas without the application of weed management methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of herbicides in flooded rice crops reduces weed infestation, increases diversity and equalizes the ecological sustainability, compared to areas without the application of weed management methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application increased diversity in flooded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application of herbicidese0
- Outcome
- diversitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- areas without the application of weed management methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of herbicides in flooded rice crops reduces weed infestation, increases diversity and equalizes the ecological sustainability, compared to areas without the application of weed management methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application equalized ecological sustainability in flooded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application of herbicidese0
- Outcome
- ecological sustainabilitye0
- Direction
- equalizese0
- Comparator
- areas without the application of weed management methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of herbicides in flooded rice crops reduces weed infestation, increases diversity and equalizes the ecological sustainability, compared to areas without the application of weed management methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control selected herbicide-resistant or tolerant Polypogon sp.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- chemical controle0
- Interactor
- Polypogon sp.e0weed
- Outcome
- selection of resistant or tolerant species to herbicidese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical control leads to the selection of resistant or tolerant species to herbicides, such as Polypogon sp.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous and intermittent water management did not change infestation, composition or diversity coefficients.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- continuous and intermittent water management systemse0
- Outcome
- level of infestation, composition or diversity coefficientse0
- Direction
- did not cause changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both continuous and intermittent water management systems did not cause changes in the level of infestation, composition or diversity coefficients.”
t0“rice”
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See all 603 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.