Abstract
Plants have evolved a sophisticated two-branch defence system to prevent the growth and spread of pathogen infection. The novel Cys-rich repeat (CRR) containing receptor-like kinases, known as CRKs, were reported to mediate defence resistance in plants. For rice, there are only two reports of CRKs. A semi-dominant lesion mimic mutant als1 (apoptosis leaf and sheath 1) in rice was identified to demonstrate spontaneous lesions on the leaf blade and sheath. A map-based cloning strategy was used for fine mapping and cloning of ALS1, which was confirmed to be a typical CRK in rice. Functional studies of ALS1 were conducted, including phylogenetic analysis, expression analysis, subcellular location and blast resistance identification. Most pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and other defence-related genes were activated and up-regulated to a high degree. ALS1 was expressed mainly in the leaf blade and sheath, in which further study revealed that ALS1 was present in the vascular bundles. ALS1 was located in the cell membrane of rice protoplasts, and its mutation did not change its subcellular location. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation were observed in als1, and enhanced blast resistance was also observed. The mutation of ALS1 caused a constitutively activated defence response in als1. The results of our study imply that ALS1 participates in a defence response resembling the common SA-, JA- and NH1-mediated defence responses in rice.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The semi-dominant lesion mimic mutant als1 in rice showed spontaneous lesions on the leaf blade and sheath.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- als1e0
- Outcome
- spontaneous lesions on the leaf blade and sheathe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A semi-dominant lesion mimic mutant als1 (apoptosis leaf and sheath 1) in rice was identified to demonstrate spontaneous lesions on the leaf blade and sheath”
Claim · model-written summary
ALS1 was cloned by map-based cloning and confirmed to be a typical cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase (CRK) in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- ALS1e0
- Outcome
- confirmed to be a typical CRKe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A map-based cloning strategy was used for fine mapping and cloning of ALS1, which was confirmed to be a typical CRK in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Most pathogenesis-related genes and other defence-related genes were activated and strongly up-regulated in rice als1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and other defence-related genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and other defence-related genes were activated and up-regulated to a high degree”
t0“defence response in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ALS1 was expressed mainly in the leaf blade and sheath of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf blade and sheathe0
- Gene
- ALS1e0
- Outcome
- expressed mainly in the leaf blade and sheathe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALS1 was expressed mainly in the leaf blade and sheath”
t0“defence response in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ALS1 was present in the vascular bundles of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- vascular bundlese0
- Gene
- ALS1e0
- Outcome
- present in the vascular bundlese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further study revealed that ALS1 was present in the vascular bundles”
t0“defence response in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ALS1 was located in the cell membrane of rice protoplasts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- protoplastse0
- Gene
- ALS1e0
- Outcome
- located in the cell membranee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALS1 was located in the cell membrane of rice protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
The ALS1 mutation did not change the subcellular location of ALS1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- subcellular locatione0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Qualifier
- its mutatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its mutation did not change its subcellular location”
t0“defence response in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid accumulation was observed in rice als1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- als1e0
- Outcome
- Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulatione0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation were observed in als1”
t0“defence response in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced blast resistance was observed in rice als1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- als1e1
- Outcome
- blast resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced blast resistance was also observed”
e1“accumulation were observed in als1”
t0“defence response in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutation of ALS1 caused a constitutively activated defence response in als1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- ALS1e0
- Outcome
- constitutively activated defence responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mutation of ALS1 caused a constitutively activated defence response in als1”
t0“defence response in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that ALS1 participates in a defence response resembling the common SA-, JA- and NH1-mediated defence responses in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- ALS1e0
- Outcome
- defence responsee0
- Qualifier
- resembling the common SA-, JA- and NH1-mediated defence responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALS1 participates in a defence response resembling the common SA-, JA- and NH1-mediated defence responses in rice”