Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most destructive abiotic stress which affects compatible osmolytes and protein pattern. In the current study, the effect of rosmarinic acid as a polyphenolic quencher on compatible solutes such as glycine betaine, total carbohydrates and protein, Na+ and K+ and fresh weight were determined to evaluate osmotic adjustment as a stress tolerance mechanism in Solanum tuberosum L. c.v. White Desire in vitro condition. In the other experiments, SDS-PAGE was performed to verify feasible hypothesis of ameliorative effects of RA on biosynthesis of proteins. In vitro-grown cells of potato were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/L RA and 0, 90, and 120 mM NaCl. Data showed increase in fresh weight in 120 mM-stress calli pretreated with rosmarinic acid compare to 120 mM stressed calli. Carbohyadrate content increased notably by using RA in exposure to NaCl. The results showed a significant increase in glycine betaine in 90 mM NaCl +20 mg/L RA treated calli compared with 90 mM NaCl-stressed calli. There was a notable increase in contents of Na+ and decline in K+ content in in vitro calli cells grown under 90 and 120 mM salt levels. Interestingly, K+ contents in RA-treated calli cells were remarkably higher than Na+ contents. However, no pronounced changes in K+/ Na+ ratio were observed. Data showed that in vitro RA-treated calli responded rapidly to external RA supplement showing higher proteins contents compared to controls. SDS-PAGE data indicated a positive impact of RA on protein pattern. In vitro calli cells treated with 20 and 60 mg/l RA showed the induction of 2 new protein bands with approximately 50 KD while, 3 protein bands with approximately 16, 17 and 25 KD were down-regulated by RA. Consequently, data presented in the current study indicated a positive link between salt tolerance and improved metabolites biosynthesis in potato White Desire following RA treatment.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Rosmarinic acid pretreatment increased fresh weight of potato callus under 120 mM salt stress.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Organ / stage
- callie0
- Treatment
- rosmarinic acide0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- 120 mM stressed callie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Data showed increase in fresh weight in 120 mM-stress calli pretreated with rosmarinic acid compare to 120 mM stressed calli.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosmarinic acid increased carbohydrate content under NaCl exposure.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- callust0
- Treatment
- RAe0
- Outcome
- Carbohyadrate contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbohyadrate content increased notably by using RA in exposure to NaCl.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine increased significantly in callus given 90 mM NaCl plus 20 mg/L rosmarinic acid versus NaCl alone.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- callie0
- Treatment
- 90 mM NaCl +20 mg/L RAe0
- Outcome
- glycine betainee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- 90 mM NaCl-stressed callie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in glycine betaine in 90 mM NaCl +20 mg/L RA treated calli compared with 90 mM NaCl-stressed calli”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Na+ content increased in callus at 90 and 120 mM salt.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- calli cellse0
- Treatment
- 90 and 120 mM salt levelse0
- Outcome
- contents of Na+e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a notable increase in contents of Na+ and decline in K+ content in in vitro calli cells grown under 90 and 120 mM salt levels.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
K+ content declined in callus at 90 and 120 mM salt.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- calli cellse0
- Treatment
- 90 and 120 mM salt levelse0
- Outcome
- K+ contente0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a notable increase in contents of Na+ and decline in K+ content in in vitro calli cells grown under 90 and 120 mM salt levels.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
K+ content exceeded Na+ content in rosmarinic acid treated callus.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RA-treatede0
- Outcome
- K+ contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Na+ contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K+ contents in RA-treated calli cells were remarkably higher than Na+ contents.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
No pronounced change in the K+/Na+ ratio was observed.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- K+/ Na+ ratioe0
- Direction
- no pronounced changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no pronounced changes in K+/ Na+ ratio were observed.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosmarinic acid treated callus had higher protein content than controls.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RA supplemente0
- Outcome
- proteins contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in vitro RA-treated calli responded rapidly to external RA supplement showing higher proteins contents compared to controls.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosmarinic acid had a positive effect on the protein pattern in potato callus.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RAe0
- Outcome
- protein patterne0
- Direction
- positive impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SDS-PAGE data indicated a positive impact of RA on protein pattern.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with 20 and 60 mg/l rosmarinic acid induced two approximately 50 KD protein bands.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 20 and 60 mg/l RAe0
- Outcome
- protein bandse0
- Direction
- inductione0
- Value
- 2 new protein bands with approximately 50 KDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro calli cells treated with 20 and 60 mg/l RA showed the induction of 2 new protein bands with approximately 50 KD”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosmarinic acid down regulated three protein bands of approximately 16, 17 and 25 KD.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RAe0
- Outcome
- protein bandse0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Value
- 3 protein bands with approximately 16, 17 and 25 KDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3 protein bands with approximately 16, 17 and 25 KD were down-regulated by RA”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report a positive link between salt tolerance and improved metabolite biosynthesis after rosmarinic acid treatment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- White Desiree0
- Treatment
- RA treatmente0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- positive linke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a positive link between salt tolerance and improved metabolites biosynthesis in potato White Desire following RA treatment.”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: ion balance · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.