Abstract
Core Ideas Glufosinate + dicamba had similar Palmer amaranth control as glufosinate. Glyphosate + dicamba had similar control as glyphosate. Pre‐emergence followed by post‐emergence and post‐emergence‐only programs had similar control. A Palmer amaranth biotype resistant to photosystem (PS) II‐ and 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)‐inhibitor in continuous seed corn production fields in southcentral Nebraska is a management challenge for corn growers. Field studies were conducted on a grower’s field in 2014 through 2016 near Shickley in Fillmore County, Nebraska to determine the efficacy of herbicide programs for control of resistant Palmer amaranth, net economic return, and yield of glyphosate‐ and glufosinate‐resistant corn. Based on contrast analysis, pyroxasulfone + fluthiacet‐ethyl + atrazine applied pre‐emergence (PRE) had the highest (95%) Palmer amaranth control compared with saflufenacil + dimethenamid‐P, mesotrione + S ‐metolachlor + atrazine (91 to 92%), and acetochlor + clopyralid + flumetsulam (87%) at 21 d after PRE in 2014 to 2015. Glufosinate or glyphosate alone, or tank‐mixed with dicamba applied post‐emergence (POST)‐only or aforementioned PRE herbicides followed by POST programs had 89 to 99% control at 28 and 72 d after POST in 2014 to 2015. Corn yields and net returns were higher where PRE followed by POST and POST‐only herbicide programs were used compared with PRE‐only programs in glufosinate‐ and glyphosate‐resistant corn in 2014 and 2016. In 2015, corn yields and net returns were similar where PRE‐only, POST‐only, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programs were used in glufosinate‐ and glyphosate‐resistant corn. Results of this study suggest that effective PRE followed by POST herbicide programs are available for controlling PS II‐ and HPPD‐inhibitor‐resistant Palmer amaranth in corn and growers need to adopt an integrated weed management approach to reduce the chances of evolution of herbicide‐resistant weeds.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate plus dicamba controlled Palmer amaranth similarly to glufosinate.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Glufosinate + dicambae0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- glufosinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate + dicamba had similar Palmer amaranth control as glufosinate.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus dicamba controlled Palmer amaranth similarly to glyphosate.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate + dicambae0
- Interactor
- Palmer amarantht0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate + dicamba had similar control as glyphosate.”
t0“Palmer amaranth in Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE followed by POST and POST-only programs controlled Palmer amaranth similarly.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Pre‐emergence followed by post‐emergencee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amarantht0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- post‐emergence‐only programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre‐emergence followed by post‐emergence and post‐emergence‐only programs had similar control.”
t0“Palmer amaranth in Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone plus fluthiacet-ethyl plus atrazine had the highest Palmer amaranth control, 95%, among PRE treatments.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone + fluthiacet‐ethyl + atrazinee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth controle0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Comparator
- saflufenacil + dimethenamid‐Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pyroxasulfone + fluthiacet‐ethyl + atrazine applied pre‐emergence (PRE) had the highest (95%) Palmer amaranth control compared with saflufenacil + dimethenamid‐P, mesotrione + S ‐metolachlor + atrazine (91 to 92%), and acetochlor + clopyralid + flumetsulam (87%) at 21 d after PRE in 2014 to 2015.”
t0“Palmer amaranth in Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesotrione plus S-metolachlor plus atrazine PRE controlled Palmer amaranth at 91 to 92%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mesotrione + S ‐metolachlor + atrazinee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amarantht0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amarantht0
- Value
- 91 to 92%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mesotrione + S ‐metolachlor + atrazine (91 to 92%)”
t0“Palmer amaranth in Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetochlor plus clopyralid plus flumetsulam PRE controlled Palmer amaranth at 87%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- acetochlor + clopyralid + flumetsulame0
- Interactor
- Palmer amarantht0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amarantht0
- Value
- 87%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetochlor + clopyralid + flumetsulam (87%)”
t0“Palmer amaranth in Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate or glyphosate POST programs, alone or with dicamba or PRE, controlled Palmer amaranth at 89 to 99%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Glufosinate or glyphosate alone, or tank‐mixed with dicambae0
- Interactor
- Palmer amarantht0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 89 to 99%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate or glyphosate alone, or tank‐mixed with dicamba applied post‐emergence (POST)‐only or aforementioned PRE herbicides followed by POST programs had 89 to 99% control at 28 and 72 d after POST in 2014 to 2015.”
t0“Palmer amaranth in Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield was higher under PRE followed by POST and POST-only than PRE-only in 2014 and 2016.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- glufosinate‐ and glyphosate‐resistant corne0
- Treatment
- PRE followed by POST and POST‐only herbicide programse0
- Outcome
- Corn yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- PRE‐only programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields and net returns were higher where PRE followed by POST and POST‐only herbicide programs were used compared with PRE‐only programs in glufosinate‐ and glyphosate‐resistant corn in 2014 and 2016.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn net returns were higher under PRE followed by POST and POST-only than PRE-only in 2014 and 2016.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- PRE followed by POST and POST‐only herbicide programse0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- PRE‐only programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields and net returns were higher where PRE followed by POST and POST‐only herbicide programs were used compared with PRE‐only programs in glufosinate‐ and glyphosate‐resistant corn in 2014 and 2016.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yields were similar among PRE-only, POST-only and sequential programs in 2015.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- PRE‐only, POST‐only, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programse0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2015, corn yields and net returns were similar where PRE‐only, POST‐only, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programs were used in glufosinate‐ and glyphosate‐resistant corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn net returns were similar among PRE-only, POST-only and sequential programs in 2015.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- PRE‐only, POST‐only, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programse0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2015, corn yields and net returns were similar where PRE‐only, POST‐only, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programs were used in glufosinate‐ and glyphosate‐resistant corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended integrated weed management to reduce evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- adopt an integrated weed management approache0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growers need to adopt an integrated weed management approach to reduce the chances of evolution of herbicide‐resistant weeds”
t0“Corn”
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