Abstract
White clover (living mulch), crimson clover, and rye cover crops were used for corn production. Plant‐available N was determined for each cover crop system to estimate N release. Soil N forms and the timing of N availability varied among the cover crops. Internal N use was similar but partial factor productivity and partial nutrient balance was greatest in the living mulch cover crop. Successful living mulch (LM) systems may be capable of meeting the N requirements of corn ( Zea mays L.) despite competition during corn development. This study compared corn N dynamics in a perennial white clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) LM system and annual cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) (CR) and crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L. ) (CC) systems. Corn in the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems received 56, 168, and 280 kg N ha −1 , respectively. The mean total N provided from the cover crops was 145, 105, and 25 kg ha −1 in the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively. Water uptake by the LM reduced soil water content, soil N availability, N uptake, and plant‐available N (PAN) compared with the CC and CR cover crop systems. Average grain yield was 10.4, 13.3, and 13.0 Mg ha −1 for the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively. Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency was not different among systems, but fertilizer N partial nutrient balance and partial factor productivity was greatest for LM and least for CR. Overall, the LM system had lower soil N availability, grain yield, and PAN, but it supplied a significant amount of legume N to corn and minimized the need for mineral N. We concluded that success of the LM system is dependent on N mineralization of the white clover residue and that yearly weather variation significantly affects mineralization of cover crop residues and PAN.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogen forms and timing of availability varied among cover crops.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Outcome
- Soil N forms and the timing of N availabilitye1
- Direction
- variede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Soil N forms and the timing of N availability varied among the cover crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Living mulch provided 145 kg ha −1 of total cover crop nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- LMe1
- Outcome
- mean total N provided from the cover cropse1
- Value
- 145e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“The mean total N provided from the cover crops was 145, 105, and 25 kg ha −1 in the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimson clover provided 105 kg ha −1 of total cover crop nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- CCe1
- Outcome
- mean total N provided from the cover cropse1
- Value
- 105e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“The mean total N provided from the cover crops was 145, 105, and 25 kg ha −1 in the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye provided 25 kg ha −1 of total cover crop nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- CRe1
- Outcome
- mean total N provided from the cover cropse1
- Value
- 25 kg ha −1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“The mean total N provided from the cover crops was 145, 105, and 25 kg ha −1 in the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Living mulch water uptake reduced soil water content, soil nitrogen availability and corn nitrogen uptake versus annual covers.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- LMe1
- Outcome
- soil water content, soil N availability, N uptakee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- CC and CR cover crop systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Water uptake by the LM reduced soil water content, soil N availability, N uptake, and plant‐available N (PAN) compared with the CC and CR cover crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Living mulch water uptake reduced plant available nitrogen versus annual covers.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- LMe1
- Outcome
- plant‐available N (PAN)e1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- CC and CR cover crop systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Water uptake by the LM reduced soil water content, soil N availability, N uptake, and plant‐available N (PAN) compared with the CC and CR cover crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Living mulch corn averaged 10.4 Mg ha −1 grain yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- LMe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Value
- 10.4e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Average grain yield was 10.4, 13.3, and 13.0 Mg ha −1 for the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimson clover corn averaged 13.3 Mg ha −1 grain yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- CCe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Value
- 13.3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Average grain yield was 10.4, 13.3, and 13.0 Mg ha −1 for the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye corn averaged 13.0 Mg ha −1 grain yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- CRe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Value
- 13.0 Mg ha −1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Average grain yield was 10.4, 13.3, and 13.0 Mg ha −1 for the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency did not differ among systems.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- systemse1
- Outcome
- Nitrogen internal utilization efficiencye1
- Direction
- not differente1
- Comparator
- systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency was not different among systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen partial nutrient balance and partial factor productivity were highest for LM and lowest for CR.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- LMe1
- Outcome
- fertilizer N partial nutrient balance and partial factor productivitye1
- Direction
- greateste1
- Comparator
- CRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“fertilizer N partial nutrient balance and partial factor productivity was greatest for LM and least for CR”
Claim · model-written summary
Living mulch supplied substantial legume nitrogen to corn and minimized mineral nitrogen need.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0e1
- Outcome
- need for mineral Ne1
- Direction
- minimizede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“it supplied a significant amount of legume N to corn and minimized the need for mineral N”
Claim · model-written summary
Living mulch success depends on white clover residue nitrogen mineralization.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- success of the LM systeme1
- Qualifier
- N mineralization of the white clover residuee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“success of the LM system is dependent on N mineralization of the white clover residue”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual weather variation significantly affects cover crop residue mineralization and plant available nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- yearly weather variatione1
- Outcome
- mineralization of cover crop residues and PANe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“yearly weather variation significantly affects mineralization of cover crop residues and PAN”
The same questions in other papers
cover crop · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.