Abstract
This study was investigated the effects of various commercial sanitizers on microbial characteristics in fresh-cut iceberg lettuce during storage. For screening sanitizer, lettuce was cut and dipped in chlorine water (0.2 ml·L-1), solution of organic acids such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, mixture of ascorbic acid and acetic acid (1-6%), and solutions of commercial sanitizers such as Formula 4TM (1,3,4%), Fresh produce washTM (1,3,4%), CleancolTM (1%), ChitocholTM (1%) and Natural CaTM (0.1%) for 3 min, respectively. Washing lettuce with selected sanitizers resulted in reduction of aerobic bacteria of more than 2 log CFU/g. Initial pH of lettuce was related with the pH of sanitizers. pH ranged from 4.7 to 6.1 in Formula 4 (4%, pH 1.7) and Natural Ca (0.1%, pH 12.0), respectively. Chlorine water showed consistent and significant inhibition effect in all of microorganisms except total coliform. Over 3% of Formula 4 and Fresh produce wash were found to have high bactericidal activity among sanitizers. The sanitizers of chlorine water, Fresh produce wash, Chitochol and Natural Ca were effective in reducing yeast and mould populations. As coliform and E. coli, Formula 4 (4%) showed the highest bactericidal activity. The bactericidal effect of commercial sanitizers during storage varied with the kinds and concentrations of tested sanitizers. Although inhibition effect was not showed during storage, these results suggest that commercial sanitizers could be an alternative to chlorine for washing fresh-cut produce.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Selected sanitizers reduced aerobic bacteria on washed lettuce by more than 2 log CFU/g.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- selected sanitizerse0
- Outcome
- aerobic bacteriae0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- more than 2 log CFU/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Washing lettuce with selected sanitizers resulted in reduction of aerobic bacteria of more than 2 log CFU/g.”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial lettuce pH was related to sanitizer pH.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- sanitizerse0
- Outcome
- Initial pH of lettucee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initial pH of lettuce was related with the pH of sanitizers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce pH ranged from 4.7 to 6.1 after Formula 4 and Natural Ca treatment.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Value
- 4.7 to 6.1e0
- Qualifier
- Formula 4 (4%, pH 1.7) and Natural Ca (0.1%, pH 12.0)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pH ranged from 4.7 to 6.1 in Formula 4 (4%, pH 1.7) and Natural Ca (0.1%, pH 12.0), respectively.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorine water significantly inhibited all tested microorganisms except total coliform.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Chlorine watere0
- Outcome
- inhibition effect in all of microorganisms except total coliforme0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorine water showed consistent and significant inhibition effect in all of microorganisms except total coliform.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Formula 4 above 3% had high bactericidal activity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Over 3% of Formula 4e0
- Outcome
- bactericidal activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3% of Formula 4 and Fresh produce wash were found to have high bactericidal activity among sanitizers.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh produce wash above 3% had high bactericidal activity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Fresh produce washe0
- Outcome
- bactericidal activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- Over 3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3% of Formula 4 and Fresh produce wash were found to have high bactericidal activity among sanitizers.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorine water reduced yeast and mould populations.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- chlorine watere0
- Outcome
- yeast and mould populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sanitizers of chlorine water, Fresh produce wash, Chitochol and Natural Ca were effective in reducing yeast and mould populations.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh produce wash reduced yeast and mould populations.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Fresh produce washe0
- Outcome
- yeast and mould populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sanitizers of chlorine water, Fresh produce wash, Chitochol and Natural Ca were effective in reducing yeast and mould populations.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitochol reduced yeast and mould populations.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Chitochole0
- Outcome
- yeast and mould populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sanitizers of chlorine water, Fresh produce wash, Chitochol and Natural Ca were effective in reducing yeast and mould populations.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural Ca reduced yeast and mould populations.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Natural Cae0
- Outcome
- yeast and mould populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sanitizers of chlorine water, Fresh produce wash, Chitochol and Natural Ca were effective in reducing yeast and mould populations.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Formula 4 at 4% showed the highest bactericidal activity against coliform and E. coli.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Formula 4 (4%)e0
- Outcome
- bactericidal activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- coliform and E. colie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As coliform and E. coli, Formula 4 (4%) showed the highest bactericidal activity.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Bactericidal effects during storage varied with sanitizer kind and concentration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- commercial sanitizerse0
- Outcome
- bactericidal effecte0
- Qualifier
- kinds and concentrationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bactericidal effect of commercial sanitizers during storage varied with the kinds and concentrations of tested sanitizers.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial sanitizers showed no inhibition during storage.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- commercial sanitizerse0
- Outcome
- inhibition effecte0
- Direction
- not showede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although inhibition effect was not showed during storage, these results suggest that commercial sanitizers could be an alternative to chlorine for washing fresh-cut produce.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest commercial sanitizers as an alternative to chlorine for washing fresh-cut produce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- commercial sanitizers could be an alternative to chlorine for washing fresh-cut producee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these results suggest that commercial sanitizers could be an alternative to chlorine for washing fresh-cut produce.”
t0“lettuce”
The same questions in other papers
dichlorine · disease · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
calcium atom · pest · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
dichlorine · pest · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.