Abstract
In this work we present a novel biostimulant for sustainable crop disease management named PSP1. PSP1 is based on the plant defense-elicitor AsES, an extracellular protease produced by the strawberry fungal pathogen Acremonium strictum. Fungal fermentation conditions and downstream processing were determined to maximize extracellular protein production, product stability and a high plant defense-eliciting activity, as monitored by anthracnose resistance in supernatant-treated strawberry plants subsequently infected with a viral strain of Colletotrichum acutatum. Fermentation batches were shown to reduce anthracnose development by 30 to 60% as compared to infected non-treated plants. Product formulation was shown to be stable for 6 months when stored at temperatures up to 45°C and toxicological tests showed that PSP1 was harmless to beneficial organisms and non-toxic to mammalian species at concentrations 50 times higher than those used in plant experiments. Furthermore, disease protection studies using dilutions of PSP1 indicated that there is a minimum threshold protease activity needed to induce pathogen defense in strawberry and that this induction effect is dose-independent. A significant characteristic of PSP1 is its broad-range protection against different diseases in various crop species. In soybean, PSP1 reduced the symptomatology by 70% of Corynespora cassiicola, etiological agent of the target spot. This protection effect was similar to the commercial inducer BION 500 WG based on BTH, and both products were shown to induce an oxidative burst and up-regulated PR1-gene expression in soybean. Furthermore, a double PSP1-treatment on greenhouse-grown sugarcane plants provided protection against bacterial red stripe disease caused by Acidovorax avenae and a double foliar application of PSP1 on field-grown wheat plants significantly increased resistance against Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of head blight disease, manifested mainly in an increased seed germination rate. In summary, these disease protection studies demonstrated an effective control against both bacterial and fungal pathogens in both monocot and dicot crop species, which together with its low production cost, effectiveness at low concentrations, long shelf-life, tolerance to high temperatures, harmlessness to non-target organisms and simple handling and application, make PSP1 a very promising candidate for effective and sustainable disease management in many crop species.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentation batches of the AsES-based supernatant reduced anthracnose development in strawberry plants infected with Colletotrichum acutatum by 30 to 60% compared with infected non-treated plants.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- Fermentation batchese1
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum acutatum
Colletotrichum acutatume0pathogen - Outcome
- anthracnose developmente1
- Direction
- reducee1
- Value
- 30 to 60%e1
- Comparator
- infected non-treated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“supernatant-treated strawberry plants subsequently infected with a viral strain of Colletotrichum acutatum”
e1“Fermentation batches were shown to reduce anthracnose development by 30 to 60% as compared to infected non-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The PSP1 product formulation was stable for 6 months when stored at temperatures up to 45°C.
Verbatim
e0“Product formulation was shown to be stable for 6 months when stored at temperatures up to 45°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxicological tests showed PSP1 was harmless to beneficial organisms and non-toxic to mammalian species at concentrations 50 times higher than those used in plant experiments.
Verbatim
e0“toxicological tests showed that PSP1 was harmless to beneficial organisms and non-toxic to mammalian species at concentrations 50 times higher than those used in plant experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
In strawberry there is a minimum threshold protease activity of PSP1 needed to induce pathogen defense.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- minimum threshold protease activity needed to induce pathogen defensee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is a minimum threshold protease activity needed to induce pathogen defense in strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The defense induction effect of PSP1 in strawberry is dose-independent.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- induction effecte0
- Qualifier
- dose-independente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is a minimum threshold protease activity needed to induce pathogen defense in strawberry and that this induction effect is dose-independent”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean, PSP1 reduced the symptomatology of Corynespora cassiicola, causal agent of target spot, by 70%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- PSP1e0
- Interactor
- Corynespora cassiicola
Corynespora cassiicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- symptomatologye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In soybean, PSP1 reduced the symptomatology by 70% of Corynespora cassiicola”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean the protection effect of PSP1 was similar to that of the commercial inducer BION 500 WG based on BTH.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- PSP1e0
- Outcome
- protection effecte1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- BION 500 WGe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In soybean, PSP1 reduced the symptomatology”
e1“This protection effect was similar to the commercial inducer BION 500 WG based on BTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Both PSP1 and BION 500 WG induced an oxidative burst and up-regulated PR1-gene expression in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- both productse0
- Gene
- PR1e0
- Outcome
- oxidative burst and up-regulated PR1-gene expressione0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both products were shown to induce an oxidative burst and up-regulated PR1-gene expression in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
A double PSP1 treatment on greenhouse-grown sugarcane plants provided protection against bacterial red stripe disease caused by Acidovorax avenae.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee0
- Treatment
- double PSP1-treatmente0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax avenaeParacidovorax avenaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- protection against bacterial red stripe diseasee0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“a double PSP1-treatment on greenhouse-grown sugarcane plants provided protection against bacterial red stripe disease caused by Acidovorax avenae”
Claim · model-written summary
A double foliar application of PSP1 on field-grown wheat significantly increased resistance against Fusarium graminearum, manifested mainly in an increased seed germination rate.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- double foliar application of PSP1e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance against Fusarium graminearume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- manifested mainly in an increased seed germination ratee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a double foliar application of PSP1 on field-grown wheat plants significantly increased resistance against Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of head blight disease, manifested mainly in an increased seed germination rate”
The same questions in other papers
processing · Colletotrichum acutatum · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
application · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.